Strep throat is a common bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS). It affects the throat and can cause a sore throat and fever.
Understanding Contagious Periods
Strep throat is highly contagious and spreads easily. The bacteria are found in the nose and throat of infected individuals. They are released through respiratory droplets when someone coughs or sneezes. Others can become infected by breathing these droplets or touching contaminated surfaces.
When antibiotics are started, contagiousness ends rapidly. Individuals stop being contagious within 12 to 24 hours of beginning antibiotic treatment. It is important to complete the entire 10-day course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve sooner. Finishing the full course clears the infection, reduces transmission risk, and helps prevent complications.
If strep throat is left untreated, a person can remain contagious for two to three weeks or longer. Untreated strep throat carries risks beyond prolonged contagiousness. It can lead to serious health issues, including acute rheumatic fever, which affects the heart valves, joints, and nervous system. Other potential complications include kidney inflammation (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis) and tonsil abscesses.
Preventing Spread
Preventing the spread of strep throat involves measures, especially since bacteria can survive on surfaces. Frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is an effective way to prevent infection spread. This is important after coughing or sneezing and before eating. If soap and water are unavailable, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can be used.
Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or into the elbow helps contain respiratory droplets. Used tissues should be disposed of immediately. Avoiding sharing eating utensils, cups, and food minimizes transmission risk. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, like doorknobs and light switches, reduces bacteria in the environment. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals also helps prevent transmission.
Returning to Daily Activities
Guidance for returning to daily activities, such as school or work, centers on the 24-hour mark after starting antibiotic treatment. Individuals can return once they have been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours and are fever-free without fever-reducing medication. They should also feel better before resuming normal routines.
Adhering to these guidelines prevents further infection spread within the community. Consulting a healthcare professional for personalized advice is recommended, as individual circumstances vary. Replacing toothbrushes after 24 hours of antibiotic treatment, but before finishing the full course, can help prevent reinfection.