Teeth sensitivity is a common experience for many individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. It manifests as discomfort, ranging from a dull ache to a sharp pain, especially when pressure is applied or when consuming certain foods or drinks. This sensitivity is a temporary and normal aspect of the process as teeth shift into their new positions.
Causes of Sensitivity
The primary reason for teeth sensitivity after braces involves the mechanical forces applied to the teeth. Braces exert gentle, continuous pressure, initiating tooth movement within the jawbone. This pressure directly impacts the periodontal ligaments, which are the tissues connecting the teeth to the surrounding bone. The ligaments become stretched and inflamed, contributing to the sensation of soreness and tenderness.
Furthermore, the pressure can affect the dental pulp, the soft tissue inside the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. While this inflammation, known as reversible pulpitis, is transient and causes no lasting damage, it can lead to sensitivity. Initial placement of braces and subsequent adjustments are key triggers for this discomfort, as they reintroduce forces that prompt further tooth movement and associated tissue responses.
How Long Sensitivity Lasts
The duration of teeth sensitivity after braces varies among individuals, influenced by factors such as pain tolerance, age, and the complexity of tooth movements required. After the initial placement of braces, discomfort typically begins a few hours later and can last anywhere from three to seven days. For most people, this initial sensitivity gradually subsides within the first week or two as teeth adapt to the new pressure.
Following routine adjustments, which usually occur every four to eight weeks, a milder and shorter period of sensitivity is common. This discomfort generally lasts for one to three days, though some may experience it for up to four days. Each adjustment reactivates pressure on the teeth, causing renewed soreness, but the intensity is typically less severe than the initial placement. Younger patients often experience quicker recovery due to more adaptable tissues and faster biological processes, while adults might have slightly longer periods of discomfort.
Relieving Discomfort
Several home remedies and over-the-counter solutions can help manage the sensitivity and discomfort associated with braces.
- Eating soft foods is highly recommended, especially after initial placement or adjustments, as it reduces pressure on sensitive teeth. Examples include mashed potatoes, soups, smoothies, and yogurt.
- Applying a cold compress to the outside of the mouth can numb the area and reduce inflammation. Alternatively, sipping on ice-cold water or sucking on ice chips can provide internal cooling and relief.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen are often recommended to alleviate pain. Some sources suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can slow tooth movement, making acetaminophen a preferred choice, as it reduces pain without affecting the inflammation necessary for tooth movement.
- Orthodontic wax provides a physical barrier, smoothing out sharp edges of brackets or wires that might irritate the cheeks, lips, or tongue. A small piece of wax, about the size of a pea, can be rolled and pressed onto the offending part of the brace, creating a protective layer.
- Warm salt water rinses, made by dissolving half a teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water, can soothe irritated gums, reduce inflammation, and promote healing of any minor sores. Gently swishing the solution for about 30 seconds multiple times a day can be beneficial.
- Topical oral anesthetics, available as gels, can also be applied directly to sensitive areas for temporary numbing.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While some discomfort and sensitivity are expected during orthodontic treatment, certain symptoms warrant contacting an orthodontist. Severe or persistent pain that does not improve after a week, or pain that worsens over time, should be evaluated. Similarly, if the sensitivity is accompanied by other unusual symptoms such as swelling, excessive redness, bleeding, or pus around the gums or teeth, professional attention is necessary.
It is also important to contact the orthodontist if any part of the braces breaks or becomes loose, such as a bracket or a wire, as this can affect treatment progression and cause increased irritation. A wire that is poking and cannot be managed with orthodontic wax also requires professional adjustment. These instances may indicate a need for immediate repair or adjustment to ensure the treatment stays on track and to prevent further complications.