Orthodontic separators, commonly known as spacers, are temporary devices used to prepare the mouth for traditional braces. They represent a necessary preliminary step in many treatment plans, setting the stage for the hardware that will ultimately align the teeth.
The Function of Orthodontic Spacers
Orthodontic spacers are small, ring-shaped devices, typically made of elastic rubber or occasionally metal, placed between specific back teeth, usually the molars. Their purpose is to gently push the teeth slightly apart to create a minute gap. This preparatory movement is required because the molars are often tightly wedged together, leaving no natural space.
Traditional braces require metal bands—ring-like anchors—that wrap around the molars and secure the main archwire. These bands must fit precisely and comfortably. Without the clearance created by the spacers, the orthodontist would be unable to seat the bands without significant difficulty. The gentle pressure applied by the spacer ensures the subsequent band placement is smooth and accurate.
Standard Duration and Removal Timeline
The duration for which spacers remain in the mouth is relatively short, typically ranging from 7 to 14 days before the next scheduled appointment. This timeframe is generally sufficient for the gentle pressure to create the necessary space between the molars.
The specific duration is influenced by individual factors, such as the initial tightness of the patient’s teeth and how quickly their teeth respond to the separating pressure. An orthodontist will schedule the follow-up visit based on the expected rate of tooth movement needed to achieve an adequate gap for the molar bands. The job of the spacer is considered complete once a small, visible space has been created, allowing the molar band to slide easily into position. If a spacer falls out a day or two before the removal appointment, it often signals that the teeth have already shifted enough, making replacement unnecessary.
Managing Spacers and Next Steps
Managing Discomfort
It is common to experience some discomfort or soreness, especially during the first two days after the spacers are placed, as the teeth begin to move. This sensation is often described as feeling like food is firmly caught between the teeth. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, are recommended to manage this initial tenderness.
Dietary and Hygiene Restrictions
Patients must be careful with their diet while wearing spacers to prevent them from becoming dislodged. Avoiding sticky, chewy foods like caramel, gum, and toffee is advised, as these can easily pull the separators out of place. Hard foods that require forceful biting should also be avoided. When brushing, patients should continue their routine but must refrain from flossing the teeth that have spacers, as this action can inadvertently pop the device out.
Removal and Band Placement
Once the goal of separation is achieved, the patient returns to the orthodontist for the next stage of treatment. During this appointment, the spacers are quickly removed using a small tool. The slight gap created by the separators allows the orthodontist to then place and cement the metal molar bands onto the back teeth, officially beginning the active phase of the orthodontic treatment.