Bicep surgery repairs a torn biceps tendon, most commonly at the elbow (distal) or near the shoulder (proximal). The procedure reattaches the tendon to bone, restoring strength and function to the arm. Recovery is a gradual process requiring careful adherence to medical and rehabilitation guidance for a successful return to exercise.
Initial Healing and Early Rehabilitation
Immediately following bicep surgery, the primary focus is on protecting the repaired tendon and managing initial discomfort. Patients are typically placed in a splint or sling, often with the elbow at a 90-degree angle, for the first one to two weeks to immobilize the arm and reduce tension on the repair site. Pain and swelling are controlled with prescribed medications and ice therapy. Wound care instructions are provided to prevent infection.
Within the first few weeks, usually around weeks two to six, gentle, passive range of motion exercises may begin under the guidance of a physical therapist. These early movements often involve gravity-assisted flexion and extension of the elbow, as well as light exercises for the wrist and fingers to maintain mobility in unaffected areas. The elbow brace may be progressively adjusted for increasing extension, though active elbow flexion is typically avoided to protect the healing tendon.
Gradual Reintroduction of Activity
Between six and twelve weeks post-operation, rehabilitation transitions to more active movements. The brace may be discontinued, and the focus shifts to restoring active range of motion in the elbow. Patients actively move their arm through controlled arcs, gradually increasing flexibility. Light, unweighted exercises are introduced to begin rebuilding surrounding muscle strength.
Physical therapy guides the patient through exercises that promote strength and flexibility without compromising the repair. This includes isometric exercises for the triceps and shoulder, and light isotonic exercises for the elbow. The arm is prepared for more functional activities and light resistance, progressing as the tendon heals and gains stability.
Specific Exercise Milestones and Precautions
Returning to heavier workouts and sport-specific activities requires a cautious, phased approach. Light upper extremity weight training, with very low weights, may be initiated around 10-12 weeks post-operation, progressing to light resistance exercises for elbow flexion, supination, and pronation. Heavier lifting and more intensive strengthening are generally allowed between three to six months after surgery, including bicep curls, tricep extensions, and shoulder strengthening.
Progressive overload is important, meaning resistance is increased gradually over time, ensuring the healing tendon is not overstressed. Proper form is crucial to prevent re-injury. Avoid movements that place undue stress on the biceps tendon, such as sudden jerking motions, heavy eccentric loading, or overhead movements. Listen to your body; any pain or discomfort should prompt a reduction in activity and consultation with a physical therapist or surgeon.
Optimizing Your Recovery for Long-Term Strength
A successful and sustainable return to full arm strength and activity after bicep surgery extends beyond the initial rehabilitation phases. Consistent adherence to the prescribed physical therapy protocol is foundational for long-term recovery, ensuring proper healing, restoration of range of motion, and gradual rebuilding of muscle strength and endurance.
Beyond structured therapy, lifestyle factors significantly influence the healing process; adequate rest, proper nutrition, and hydration support tissue repair. Full recovery, including regaining pre-injury strength, can take up to a year or even longer. Patience is essential; pushing the arm too hard too soon increases the risk of re-injury. Consult your surgeon or physical therapist before advancing activity levels.