A positive fetal fibronectin (fFN) test can be a source of considerable worry for expectant parents. This diagnostic tool is used in pregnancy to assess the likelihood of preterm delivery. Understanding what a positive result means and the typical next steps can help manage the anxiety often associated with this test.
Understanding Fetal Fibronectin
Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a protein produced by fetal cells. It functions as a biological “glue” that helps adhere the amniotic sac to the lining of the uterus. Normally, fFN is present in vaginal fluid during early pregnancy and again as labor approaches.
However, if fFN is detected in vaginal secretions between 22 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, it can signal a disruption of this connection. This test evaluates the risk of preterm birth, especially when a pregnant individual experiences symptoms like contractions or changes in vaginal discharge.
What a Positive Result Means
A positive fetal fibronectin test indicates an increased risk of preterm birth. It means fFN is present in cervicovaginal secretions at a level suggesting a higher probability of earlier delivery. A positive result is a risk indicator, not a definitive prediction of when delivery will happen.
This test helps healthcare providers identify pregnancies that might benefit from closer monitoring or specific interventions. While a positive result shifts the likelihood of preterm birth, it does not guarantee it. Many individuals who test positive for fFN do not deliver prematurely, as it is a tool for risk stratification rather than a precise timer for labor.
Delivery Timelines After a Positive Test
After a positive fFN test, the delivery timeline can vary significantly among individuals. A positive result suggests an increased chance of delivering within the next 7 to 14 days.
A substantial number of women with a positive fFN test will not deliver within this immediate timeframe. Factors such as the presence of contractions, cervical changes, or other symptoms of preterm labor can influence the likelihood and timing of delivery. The gestational age at which the test is performed also plays a role.
Next Steps After a Positive Test
Following a positive fetal fibronectin test, healthcare providers typically implement a management plan focused on monitoring and preparing for a potential preterm birth. This may involve increased surveillance, such as more frequent appointments to assess the individual’s condition and fetal well-being.
Interventions might include the administration of corticosteroids to help accelerate the development of the baby’s lungs. These steroids can significantly reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and other complications if the baby is born prematurely. Magnesium sulfate may also be considered for neuroprotection, as it can help reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Pregnant individuals are often advised to report any new or worsening symptoms promptly and to adhere closely to medical recommendations. Open communication with the healthcare team can also help manage anxiety during this time.