A Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a common treatment for abnormal cervical cells, known as dysplasia. This outpatient procedure uses a thin, electrically heated wire loop to precisely remove the affected precancerous tissue from the cervix. The success of LEEP depends on the recovery period, during which the treated area must be protected to ensure complete healing.
The Required Abstinence Period
Patients should wait at least four to six weeks following the LEEP procedure before resuming sexual activity. This period allows the surgical site on the cervix to heal fully. It is crucial to wait until a healthcare provider confirms the cervix has healed at a follow-up appointment.
The restriction prevents infection, as the excised area is an open wound vulnerable to bacteria. Intercourse introduces pathogens and the mechanical friction can cause trauma to the surgical site.
A serious concern is the risk of excessive bleeding if the healing scab, known as the eschar, is prematurely dislodged. Abstaining ensures the natural clotting and healing process is not interrupted, preventing complications.
Other Essential Recovery Guidelines
Patients must avoid inserting anything into the vagina during recovery. This prohibits the use of tampons; only external sanitary pads should be used for post-procedure discharge or light bleeding. Inserting tampons can introduce bacteria and disrupt the healing cervical tissue.
Douching, vaginal creams, or suppositories should also be avoided unless instructed by a physician, as these substances can irritate the wound or increase infection risk. While showering is permitted immediately, patients should not take tub baths, swim, or use hot tubs for several weeks. Sitting in standing water allows bacteria to enter the vagina and reach the healing cervix.
Heavy lifting and strenuous exercise should be restricted, typically for one to two weeks after the procedure. Activities that increase pelvic pressure or core strain can increase the risk of bleeding from the surgical site. Patients can generally return to work or school within a day or two.
What to Expect During the Healing Process
During the four-to-six-week recovery, several physical symptoms are normal signs that the cervix is healing. Mild cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, is common in the days following the LEEP. This discomfort results from the tissue removal and the body’s natural inflammatory response, and it can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers.
Vaginal discharge is expected and changes over time. Initially, the discharge may be greenish-yellow or brownish-black due to the medicated paste applied to the cervix to stop bleeding. As healing progresses, the discharge may become thin and watery, lasting for two to four weeks.
A significant event is the shedding of the eschar, the protective surgical scab over the wound. This naturally occurs around seven to fourteen days post-procedure. Shedding may result in a sudden increase in discharge or a brief episode of light bleeding, which is a normal part of the body’s repair process.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
While some discomfort and light bleeding are normal, certain symptoms indicate a potential complication and require immediate medical attention. Heavy vaginal bleeding is a serious warning sign, defined as soaking through more than one sanitary pad per hour for two consecutive hours. The passing of large blood clots also signals excessive bleeding.
Signs of infection must be reported promptly to your healthcare provider. This includes a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, or the onset of chills. A significant increase in pain, particularly severe abdominal or pelvic pain that is not relieved by standard over-the-counter medication, should also be reported.
Any discharge that develops a foul smell or changes to a yellowish-green color can signal a bacterial infection of the healing area. Vigilance for these specific symptoms is important, as timely intervention can prevent a minor issue from developing into a more serious health concern.