A polyp is a growth on the inner lining of organs, typically found on mucous membranes. While polyps can emerge in various locations like the nose, uterus, or stomach, they are most commonly identified in the colon and rectum. Many polyps are benign, but some have the potential to change over time.
Understanding a 15mm Polyp
A 15mm polyp measures 15 millimeters (1.5 centimeters), approximately the size of a large pea or small grape. Polyps 10mm or larger are classified as “large.”
While polyps can occur in numerous areas of the body, a 15mm polyp is frequently discovered in the colon or rectum during screening examinations like a colonoscopy. Polyps vary; they might be pedunculated (mushroom-like with a stalk) or sessile (lying flat against the organ’s wall). Polyps often cause no noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screenings are important for detection.
Why Polyp Size Matters
The size of a polyp is a key factor in assessing its potential risk, particularly regarding the likelihood of it being or becoming cancerous. Larger polyps, such as those measuring 15mm, carry a higher risk of malignancy. The risk of a polyp becoming cancerous significantly increases once it is larger than 10mm.
Not all polyps carry the same risk. Hyperplastic polyps are generally considered benign with a very low potential for developing into cancer. Adenomatous polyps (adenomas) have a higher risk of becoming cancerous. These adenomas account for approximately 80% of colon polyps and are the starting point for about 75% of colorectal cancers. Within adenomas, villous or tubulovillous adenomas are particularly concerning due to their increased likelihood of containing cancerous cells.
Next Steps After a 15mm Polyp Discovery
Upon discovery of a 15mm polyp, its removal is the standard medical approach. This procedure, a polypectomy, is commonly performed during a colonoscopy. Specialized tools like snares or forceps are passed through the scope to carefully remove the polyp. For larger polyps, techniques like endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) might be employed to ensure complete removal.
After removal, the polyp is sent to a pathology laboratory for detailed examination under a microscope, a process called a biopsy. A pathologist analyzes the tissue to determine the polyp’s type, assess for dysplasia (abnormal cell changes), and ascertain if cancerous cells are present. The pathology report provides crucial information that guides medical decisions and surveillance recommendations.
Based on the polyp’s characteristics, including its size, type, and cellular features, a personalized follow-up schedule is recommended. For adenomatous polyps 10mm or larger, or those with high-risk features, surveillance colonoscopies are advised within three years. If a large polyp was removed in pieces or if there is any concern about incomplete removal, a repeat colonoscopy may be recommended sooner, often within six months to one year. Adhering to these schedules and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers are important steps in managing polyp findings.