An aortic ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the aorta, the body’s largest artery. It is generally painless and a common method for evaluating the aorta. It safely assesses this important blood vessel without radiation.
Purpose of the Aortic Ultrasound
An aortic ultrasound is primarily performed to screen for or monitor an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). An AAA is an enlargement in the abdominal aorta, occurring when the artery wall weakens. While most aneurysms do not cause immediate problems, a large or rapidly growing one risks rupture and internal bleeding.
The ultrasound can also help assess other conditions affecting the aorta, such as aortic dissection, where a tear occurs in the inner layer of the aortic wall. It is often recommended for individuals with risk factors like a history of smoking, being male and over 65, or having a family history of AAA. Early detection allows doctors to monitor the aneurysm and plan management.
Preparing for Your Aortic Ultrasound
Preparation involves specific dietary restrictions for clear imaging. Patients fast for 6 to 12 hours before the test, consuming only non-carbonated water. Avoid chewing gum or smoking during fasting, as they introduce air into the digestive system.
Patients should discuss their medications with their doctor, as instructions may vary regarding whether to continue or temporarily stop them before the procedure. Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that allows easy access to the abdomen. Arrive early to complete any necessary registration or paperwork.
The Aortic Ultrasound Procedure
During an aortic ultrasound, the patient lies on their back on an examination table, sometimes with knees slightly flexed to relax abdominal muscles. A sonographer, a trained technician, performs the exam. The sonographer exposes the abdomen and applies a clear, water-based gel to the skin. This gel helps ultrasound waves travel from the transducer to the body, ensuring high-quality images.
The sonographer places a transducer (or probe) firmly against the skin and moves it across the abdomen. The transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that bounce off the aorta and surrounding structures. A computer converts these sound waves into real-time images, allowing visualization of the aorta’s size, shape, and blood flow.
Patients may feel slight pressure or a cool sensation from the gel, but the procedure is typically painless. The sonographer may ask the patient to hold their breath or change positions for clearer images. An aortic ultrasound usually takes 10 to 30 minutes.
After Your Aortic Ultrasound
Once the ultrasound is complete, the sonographer wipes the gel from the patient’s abdomen. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the test, as there are no restrictions or lingering side effects. The images are then reviewed and interpreted by a radiologist or vascular specialist.
The radiologist generates a detailed report of the findings, sent to the referring healthcare provider. The provider discusses the results with the patient during a follow-up appointment or via phone. Results typically arrive within a few days to a week, though timing can vary. If an aneurysm or other abnormality is detected, the doctor discusses next steps, which may include further testing or a monitoring plan.