A liver scan is a specialized imaging test that allows medical professionals to examine the liver’s health and function. It provides detailed pictures of the organ, helping doctors identify conditions or monitor existing ones.
Reasons for a Liver Scan
Doctors often recommend a liver scan when there are concerns about liver health. This can include abnormal results from routine blood tests that indicate liver dysfunction. Individuals experiencing symptoms such as jaundice, a yellowing of the skin or eyes, or persistent abdominal pain in the upper right side, may also be candidates for a scan. The scan helps to investigate potential liver diseases like fatty liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis, which involves scarring of the liver tissue. A liver scan can also monitor the progression of known conditions or assess the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.
Understanding Different Scan Methods
The term “liver scan” encompasses several distinct imaging technologies. Ultrasound, also known as sonography, uses high-frequency sound waves transmitted into the body via a handheld transducer. These sound waves bounce off internal organs and are converted into real-time images, revealing details about the liver’s size, texture, and the presence of abnormalities like fat buildup or scar tissue.
Computed Tomography (CT) scans employ X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the liver. The CT scanner rotates around the patient, taking multiple X-ray views that a computer then combines to create comprehensive “slices” of the organ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce highly detailed images. This method causes hydrogen atoms within the body’s tissues to align, and when the radio waves are turned off, these atoms release energy that the MRI scanner detects and converts into images.
Nuclear medicine scans, such as a liver-spleen scan or HIDA scan, involve injecting a small amount of a radioactive tracer into a vein. This tracer is absorbed by the liver tissue, and a special camera, called a gamma camera, detects the gamma rays emitted by the tracer. The resulting images show how well the liver is functioning and can highlight areas where the tracer is absorbed differently, indicating potential issues.
Preparing for Your Scan
Preparation for a liver scan varies depending on the specific type of imaging test ordered. For some scans, particularly ultrasounds, you may be instructed to fast for six to twelve hours beforehand to ensure clear images by reducing gas in the digestive system and allowing the gallbladder to dilate. Discuss any current medications with your doctor, as some may need to be adjusted before the procedure. Inform the healthcare staff about any allergies, especially to contrast dyes that might be used. You will generally be advised to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing and remove any jewelry or metallic objects that could interfere with the imaging equipment.
What Happens During the Scan
Upon arrival at the imaging center, you will check in and may be asked to change into a hospital gown. You will then lie on a movable examination table, positioned to allow the technologist access to your abdomen. During an ultrasound, a warm, clear gel will be applied to your skin over the liver area, and the technologist will move a handheld transducer wand across your abdomen, applying gentle pressure.
For CT or MRI scans, the table will slide into a large, often circular, opening of the scanning machine. You will hear various machine sounds, such as clicking for a CT scanner or louder noises for an MRI, and you may be given headphones to minimize sound. In many cases, a contrast material may be injected into a vein, which can cause a temporary warm sensation or a metallic taste in your mouth. Throughout the procedure, the technologist will provide instructions, such as holding your breath for short periods, to ensure clear images. The duration of the scan can vary, with ultrasounds often taking about 30 minutes, CT scans around 40 minutes, and nuclear medicine scans or more detailed procedures potentially lasting up to 1.5 hours.
After Your Liver Scan
Once the scan is complete, the technologist will remove any IV lines and assist you off the examination table. If contrast material was administered, you might be advised to drink extra fluids to help flush it from your system. You can resume your normal activities immediately, as these procedures are non-invasive. A radiologist will analyze the images and send a report to your doctor. Results are usually available within a few days to a couple of weeks, after which your doctor will discuss the findings and determine any necessary next steps, including follow-up appointments.