Mount Elbrus is the most prominent peak in the Caucasus Mountain range. Its immense size and snow-capped twin cones make it a distinct feature, drawing climbers and adventurers from across the globe. This geological marvel holds a significant place in the world’s geography, prompting many to seek the facts.
The Definitive Elevation
The mountain’s definitive height is attributed to its western summit, which reaches an elevation of 5,642 meters (18,510 feet) above sea level. Mount Elbrus is a twin-peaked mountain with two distinct summits separated by a saddle located at 5,416 meters. The eastern summit is slightly lower, with an elevation of 5,621 meters (18,442 feet). This highest point makes Mount Elbrus the tenth-most prominent peak in the world, with a prominence of 4,741 meters (15,554 feet). The lower eastern summit was the site of the first recorded ascent in 1829, while the higher western summit was first conquered in 1874.
Geographic Placement
Mount Elbrus is situated in Southern Russia, positioned in the western section of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. It is located on the border between the Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, approximately 100 kilometers from the Black Sea coast. The peak is positioned 11 kilometers north of the main Greater Caucasus watershed. This watershed traditionally forms a geographical boundary, marking the border with Georgia.
The Highest Point in Europe
Mount Elbrus is widely accepted as the highest mountain in Europe and is included in the list of the Seven Summits. Its status results from a geographical debate over the exact boundary between Europe and Asia. The most common delineation follows the crest of the Greater Caucasus watershed. Since Elbrus lies just north of this watershed, it is placed firmly on the European side. Although an alternative definition uses the Kuma-Manych Depression, which would place the entire Caucasus range in Asia, the mountaineering community and most international organizations recognize the 5,642-meter peak as Europe’s continental high point.
Volcanic Origin and Structure
The immense size of Mount Elbrus is a direct result of its geological history as a dormant stratovolcano. This type of volcano is built from layers of hardened lava, tephra, and ash. Elbrus began its formation approximately 2.5 million years ago, with its most recent eruption occurring around 50 AD. The dual-peaked structure consists of two separate volcanic domes that emerged from a single base. The volcano’s slopes are covered by an extensive cap of ice and snow, supporting 22 major glaciers that radiate down the mountainside.