The javelina, also known as the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), is a unique mammal native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Often confused with wild pigs or feral hogs, the javelina belongs to a separate family and possesses distinct physical characteristics. Understanding the javelina’s mobility, particularly its vertical jumping capacity, is important for property owners and land managers seeking to deter these animals from entering gardens or yards. Javelinas are relatively small, hoofed animals that move in herds, and their interaction with man-made barriers is a frequent topic of concern. This analysis focuses on the specific limits of their vertical leap, which is a significant factor in managing their presence near human habitation.
Maximum Measured Vertical Leap
The javelina is generally not considered a jumping animal, and vertical clearance is not a strength due to its compact physical build. An adult javelina stands low to the ground, typically measuring between 18 to 24 inches (45 to 60 centimeters) in height at the shoulder. Considering this stature, the maximum vertical height a javelina can clear is very limited.
While a precise, scientifically measured vertical jump record is not widely documented, it is understood that their vertical leap rarely exceeds 24 inches, even when stressed. Any jump that does occur is usually a reaction to being startled or trapped, rather than a method of casual barrier traversal. This physical constraint means that moderately tall vertical barriers are often effective for simple exclusion.
Alternative Movement and Escape Strategies
Jumping is a secondary and uncommon escape method for the collared peccary, which instead relies on other behaviors for movement and evasion. When faced with a threat or an obstacle, their primary defensive response is to flee by running away or quickly seeking shelter. They possess a stocky, muscular build that favors pushing over or charging through weak fencing over attempting a clean vertical jump.
The most significant alternative strategy used by javelinas for barrier penetration is digging. They are determined foragers with excellent senses of smell, which they use to root out food like tubers and prickly pear pads. This rooting behavior translates into an ability to quickly tunnel beneath fences that lack a buried foundation. Their low center of gravity and strong neck muscles make them highly efficient at excavating soil to gain access to protected areas.
Fence Requirements for Deterrence
Translating the javelina’s physical limitations into property management requires a two-part approach focusing on both height and depth. Because the animal is a poor jumper, a fence only needs to be moderately tall to prevent traversal. Experts suggest that a fence or wall height of at least 4 feet (about 1.2 meters) is generally sufficient to prevent a successful vertical leap.
The more important requirement is addressing the javelina’s preference for digging underneath obstacles. To create an effective and long-term barrier, the fence material must extend below the soil surface. Burying wire mesh or hardware cloth a minimum of 8 inches deep will generally deter the animals from tunneling into the protected area. This buried component is the most important defense against persistent javelina herds.