Lions are apex predators whose size, particularly their weight, is a subject of interest. Understanding the factors that determine a lion’s mass offers insight into their biology and ecology.
Understanding Lion Weight: Averages and Ranges
An adult lion’s weight varies significantly, primarily influenced by sex. Adult male lions typically weigh between 150 and 258 kilograms (330 to 570 pounds). Exceptionally large males have been recorded, such as one from Transvaal, South Africa, at 313 kilograms (690 pounds) in 1936, and another from Kenya at 272 kilograms (600 pounds).
Adult female lions are considerably lighter, generally weighing between 110 and 181 kilograms (270 to 400 pounds). At birth, cubs weigh around 1.4 to 1.5 kilograms (3 pounds). Adolescent lions, aged two to three years, typically reach 90 to 102 kilograms (200 to 225 pounds).
Key Influences on a Lion’s Mass
Several factors contribute to a lion’s individual mass. Sex plays a significant role, with males growing larger and heavier than females. A lion’s age also affects its weight, increasing from cubhood through adolescence to peak adult size, which males often attain around seven years and females between five to six years of age.
The availability and quality of food sources directly impact a lion’s body condition and weight; lions in areas with abundant prey tend to be heavier. A lion’s health and physical condition are also important, as illnesses, injuries, or general fitness levels can lead to weight fluctuations.
Weight Across Different Lion Subspecies
Beyond individual variations, genetic and geographic differences influence the size and weight among lion subspecies. Southern African lions (Panthera leo melanochaita), found in regions like Kruger National Park, often exhibit larger body masses due to a plentiful prey base. Males in this region average 150 to 225 kilograms, while females range from 83 to 165 kilograms.
East African lions, also part of the Panthera leo melanochaita subspecies, are typically slightly smaller than their southern counterparts. Males weigh between 150 and 190 kilograms and females between 110 and 140 kilograms. West African lions (Panthera leo leo) are generally smaller, with males weighing approximately 148 to 191 kilograms and females being less heavy. Asiatic lions (Panthera leo leo), found exclusively in India’s Gir Forest, are smaller than most African lions; adult males usually weigh 160 to 190 kilograms, and females are around 110 to 120 kilograms.