Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, involves inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. This common condition affects individuals of all ages. While often appearing as a distinctive pink or reddish hue, its onset and characteristics depend on its underlying cause.
Understanding Symptom Onset
The time it takes for pink eye symptoms to appear after exposure varies based on the cause. For viral conjunctivitis, symptoms emerge within 1 to 3 days, though this period can extend up to a week. This form of pink eye is highly contagious.
Bacterial conjunctivitis has a shorter incubation period, with symptoms manifesting within 24 to 72 hours after exposure. Both viral and bacterial forms are highly contagious. In contrast, allergic conjunctivitis presents almost immediately upon contact with an allergen, or within minutes to a few hours. This type is not contagious and is an immune response rather than an infection.
Identifying Pink Eye
Common indicators of pink eye include redness, irritation, a gritty sensation, and watery eyes. Some individuals may also experience increased sensitivity to light. The specific type of discharge can help distinguish between causes.
Viral conjunctivitis results in a clear, watery discharge and may coincide with other cold symptoms, such as a sore throat or runny nose. This infection often starts in one eye before potentially spreading to the other.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by a thick, pus-like discharge that can be yellow or green, often causing eyelids to stick together, particularly upon waking.
Allergic conjunctivitis causes intense itching, watery eyes, and impacts both eyes simultaneously. Eyelids can also appear puffy.
Limiting Spread and Seeking Care
To prevent the spread of contagious forms of pink eye, frequent handwashing with soap and water is advised. Individuals should avoid touching their eyes and refrain from sharing personal items like towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup. Washing pillowcases, sheets, and towels in hot water and detergent is also advisable.
While many cases of pink eye resolve on their own, seek medical attention if symptoms persist, worsen, or include severe pain, changes in vision, or increased light sensitivity. Parents should seek care immediately if an infant exhibits pink eye symptoms. Contact lens wearers should discontinue use at the first sign of symptoms and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms do not improve within a day or two.