The persimmon tree, belonging to the genus Diospyros, is a deciduous fruit tree valued for its striking autumn foliage and sweet fruit. The question of its growth speed depends largely on the species being grown, with the two most common types being the American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) and the Asian or Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki). While neither is considered a rapid grower, their development is generally characterized as slow to moderate, highly dependent on the specific environmental conditions of the planting site.
Establishing the Typical Growth Rate
The growth rate of a persimmon tree is best understood by differentiating between the two main cultivated species. The American persimmon, native to the eastern United States, is typically the slower-growing of the two. This species is generally classified as a slow grower, adding approximately one foot or less of height per year under optimal conditions.
The Asian persimmon, Diospyros kaki, which includes popular varieties like Fuyu and Hachiya, exhibits a medium or moderate growth rate. When young and well-established, these trees can often achieve an annual growth of one to two feet. This makes the Asian persimmon an appealing choice for growers who prefer a slightly faster development, though its tolerance to cold temperatures is lower than its American counterpart. The “slow” designation is relative to other fast-growing fruit trees, reflecting a slower pace of development that contributes to their long lifespan.
Key Factors Influencing Growth Speed
A persimmon tree’s growth speed is influenced by its growing environment and care regimen. Adequate sunlight is paramount, as both American and Asian persimmons require full sun exposure to maximize growth. Trees planted in partial shade will grow more slowly and produce less fruit than those receiving direct sunlight throughout the day.
Soil quality is another determinant, particularly the drainage capabilities. Persimmons develop a deep taproot and are intolerant of “wet feet,” meaning consistently waterlogged or poorly draining soil will stunt growth and can lead to root rot. While American persimmons can tolerate a wider range of soil types, both species prefer a loamy, moist, and well-drained medium with a slightly acidic to neutral pH, ideally between 6.0 and 7.5. Consistent deep watering is especially important for young trees during their establishment phase, but over-fertilization, particularly with nitrogen, should be avoided as it promotes excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production.
The climate also dictates the potential for growth. The American persimmon is highly cold-tolerant, thriving in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 9, while the Asian persimmon is limited to warmer zones, generally 7 through 10. Within their suitable zones, appropriate structural pruning in the early years helps develop a strong framework that can support heavy fruit loads later.
The Growth Timeline: From Planting to Fruiting
The most significant developmental milestone for a persimmon tree is the age at which it begins to bear fruit. This timeline varies considerably between the species and whether the tree was grown from seed or grafted. Grafted trees enter the reproductive stage much earlier than those grown from seed.
Asian persimmon varieties generally begin fruiting sooner, often within three to six years of planting a grafted tree. In contrast, American persimmons, which are frequently grown from seed and are often dioecious (requiring separate male and female trees), take longer to reach maturity. Grafted American persimmons may produce fruit in two to four years, but trees grown from seed can take anywhere from four to ten years to begin bearing. Even after the first fruits appear, it may take several additional years for the tree to achieve its full potential for heavy production.