Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a popular, easy-to-grow perennial herb prized for their mild onion flavor. This member of the onion family offers a continuous supply of fresh, hollow, grass-like leaves from spring until the first heavy frost. Understanding cultivation techniques allows for maximized production and a sustained harvest throughout the growing season.
Starting Chives: Seeds Versus Division
The time to harvest depends significantly on the initial planting method. Starting chives from seed is the slowest approach, requiring patience while the plant establishes its root system. Seeds typically take seven to fourteen days to germinate, followed by several weeks of growth before the seedlings are substantial enough to sustain a cut. This method often means waiting at least 60 days before the first light harvest is possible.
The fastest way to achieve a harvest is by planting established clumps or divisions, which are available from nurseries or separated from a mature plant. These transplanted clumps contain small bulbs poised for immediate growth. Using this method, a light harvest can often be taken in as little as 30 days after transplanting, provided the plant settles into its new location.
Time to First Harvest and Regrowth Rate
The first significant harvest for chives started from seed usually occurs around eight to ten weeks into the growing season. Plants established from divisions are typically ready for a substantial cut within four to six weeks of planting. Once established, the focus shifts to the rate of regeneration.
During the peak growing season, an established chive plant can regenerate quickly, becoming ready for another harvest approximately every two to three weeks. Growth rates slow considerably in colder months, as chives are a cool-season crop that may enter dormancy when temperatures drop below 40°F. Regular, sustained harvesting promotes the continuous production of new shoots, maintaining the plant’s productivity.
Optimizing Conditions for Maximum Speed
Achieving the fastest possible growth rate depends on providing ideal environmental conditions. Chives perform best with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, though they can tolerate light afternoon shade in hotter climates. Full sun exposure drives the photosynthesis necessary for rapid leaf production.
The ideal soil for fast growth is well-draining, moist, and rich in organic matter. Chives prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). Amending the soil with compost before planting encourages strong initial development. Consistent watering is important to support continuous leaf production, keeping the soil damp but not waterlogged. A light application of a nitrogen-heavy fertilizer, such as a liquid feed, can be beneficial every four to six weeks, especially after a heavy harvest. Optimal temperatures for lush growth range between 60°F and 75°F.
Harvesting Techniques for Sustained Vigor
Proper harvesting directly impacts the plant’s ability to maintain a quick regrowth rate. When cutting chives, use sharp scissors or shears to snip the leaves close to the base of the plant, leaving about one to two inches of growth above the soil line. Cutting low encourages the plant to produce entirely new leaves from the crown, rather than leaving non-regenerative stubble.
Never remove more than two-thirds of the plant’s foliage at any single time. Over-harvesting stresses the plant, forcing it to expend energy on recovery, which significantly slows the regrowth cycle. Cutting the entire plant down, including the flower stalks after they bloom, stimulates a flush of new, tender growth. This practice prevents the plant from expending energy on seed production.