Ostriches are large birds known for their agility on land. Unlike most birds, they cannot fly, but they can run at impressive speeds. This adaptation allows them to thrive in their natural habitats, making them one of the fastest two-legged animals on Earth. Their unique physical build contributes to their velocity, which is essential for their survival.
The Ostrich’s Top Speed
Ostriches can achieve sprint bursts up to 60 miles per hour (96.5 kilometers per hour) over short distances. Their top sprint speed commonly ranges between 40 to 45 miles per hour (64 to 72 kilometers per hour). They can also maintain a sustained running pace of 30 to 38 miles per hour (48 to 61 kilometers per hour) for extended periods, sometimes for up to 40 minutes. This endurance means an ostrich could theoretically complete a 26-mile marathon in approximately 35 to 40 minutes. Each stride can cover about 5 meters (16 feet).
Physical Attributes for Velocity
The ostrich’s speed is attributed to its specialized anatomy. Their long, powerful legs are designed for speed, featuring strong thigh muscles that generate force for propulsion. Most leg musculature is concentrated high on the thigh bone and hip, allowing the lower, lighter parts of the leg to swing faster with less effort. This arrangement maximizes both stride length and frequency.
Ostrich feet are distinct, possessing only two toes compared to the three or four found on most other birds. The larger, primary toe bears most of the body’s weight and provides thrust, while the smaller toe acts as a balancing outrigger. Their feet function like springs, absorbing impact and propelling the bird forward by storing and releasing elastic energy in their tendons. Ostriches also possess large lungs and air sacs, which facilitate efficient oxygen absorption and contribute to their running endurance.
Speed in the Wild
The speed of ostriches is an adaptation for their survival in open environments like savannas and deserts. Their primary use of speed is to escape predators, including cheetahs, lions, leopards, hyenas, and African wild dogs. Ostriches use their keen eyesight and hearing to detect these threats from a distance, initiating their escape before an attack.
Beyond evading danger, their ability to cover vast distances quickly allows them to range widely in search of food and water sources across their habitats. While running is their main defense strategy, ostriches can also deliver powerful kicks with their strong legs if they cannot flee, which can deter attackers. This combination of rapid flight and defensive capability helps ensure their continued presence in the wild.