Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain, characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue running across the bottom of the foot, connecting the heel bone to the toes. Individuals often experience sharp, stabbing pain with the first steps in the morning or after periods of rest. This condition frequently results from repetitive strain or overuse, leading to microtears in the fascia. For those with chronic plantar fasciitis that has not responded to conventional treatments, Shock Wave Therapy (SWT) is being explored as a non-invasive alternative.
What is Shock Wave Therapy?
Shock Wave Therapy involves delivering acoustic waves to the affected area. These waves are generated externally and focused or spread to target specific tissues. This creates rapid pressure changes that propagate through the tissue.
When applied to the plantar fascia, these acoustic waves induce a therapeutic response. Mechanisms include stimulating neovascularization, improving blood supply and nutrient delivery to injured tissue. The therapy can also help break down calcifications within the plantar fascia. Additionally, it stimulates cellular repair processes and reduces pain signals.
Therapeutic Results for Plantar Fasciitis
Studies on Shock Wave Therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis show success in reducing pain and improving function. Many patients report significant pain reduction, with some studies showing improvement in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores by an average of 60% to 80% several months post-treatment. Functional improvements, such as increased ability to walk or participate in daily activities, are also observed.
While many patients experience positive outcomes, complete symptom resolution is not universally achieved. Approximately 60% to 85% of individuals with chronic plantar fasciitis experience satisfactory relief following SWT. Benefits often manifest gradually, with noticeable improvement observed over several weeks to a few months after the final session.
Who is a Candidate and What to Expect
Shock Wave Therapy is for individuals with chronic plantar fasciitis who have not found relief from conservative treatments. These treatments include rest, stretching exercises, orthotics, night splints, and anti-inflammatory medications. Patients undergo a series of treatment sessions, typically three to five.
Each session lasts 15 to 20 minutes, spaced about one week apart. Patients may experience mild discomfort or pressure at the treatment site. Immediate side effects can include temporary redness, swelling, or soreness, which subsides shortly after the session.
Post-Treatment Care and Recovery
After Shock Wave Therapy, post-treatment care recommendations help recovery. Patients should continue activity modification, avoiding high-impact activities or prolonged standing that aggravates the plantar fascia. Regular stretching exercises for the calf muscles and plantar fascia are important to maintain flexibility.
Applying ice to the affected heel can help manage soreness or inflammation. Pain relief from SWT is gradual, not immediate. Significant improvement can take several weeks to a few months. Adherence to prescribed rehabilitation exercises and follow-up appointments monitors progress and ensures sustained results.