Colostrum is the first milk produced by the human body, often referred to as “liquid gold” due to its rich concentration of nutrients and immune factors. This thick, yellowish fluid is perfectly formulated to meet a newborn’s initial needs, providing a concentrated source of antibodies and easily digestible protein. Antenatal expression is the practice of collecting this substance before childbirth to create a small reserve for the baby. Having a supply ready can be helpful if the baby struggles with latching or requires immediate supplemental feeding, such as in cases of blood sugar instability. This preparation allows parents to offer their own milk instead of formula, easing the transition into the first days of life.
When Colostrum Collection is Recommended
The question of when to begin collecting colostrum is centered on balancing preparedness with safety during pregnancy. For those with a low-risk pregnancy, the general recommendation from healthcare professionals is to begin antenatal expression no earlier than 36 to 37 weeks gestation. This timing is deliberately chosen because it falls within the late-term window, minimizing the theoretical risk of inducing labor while still allowing time to establish a small supply. The main safety concern is that nipple stimulation releases oxytocin, a hormone that naturally causes the uterus to contract.
By waiting until the final weeks of pregnancy, the body is closer to term, and any potential uterine activity stimulated by expression is less likely to result in a premature birth. Even small amounts of colostrum are highly beneficial for the newborn, and the process serves as valuable practice for hand expression after birth. It is always important to consult with a doctor or midwife before beginning, as they can confirm the safety based on individual medical history.
Medical Conditions That Prohibit Early Collection
While antenatal expression is safe for many, the practice is contraindicated in certain high-risk pregnancies due to the mechanism of oxytocin release. Nipple stimulation triggers the release of oxytocin, which promotes uterine contractions during labor. In women who are already at risk for preterm delivery, this stimulation could potentially initiate labor prematurely.
Conditions that prohibit or require strict medical supervision for collection include:
- A history of preterm labor or threatened premature labor in the current pregnancy.
- Placental complications, such as placenta previa or antepartum hemorrhage.
- If a cervical suture is in place.
- If the cervix has been diagnosed as incompetent.
Patients with these high-risk factors must follow their healthcare provider’s specific instructions, as the minimal benefit of a small colostrum supply does not outweigh the risk of an early birth.
Safe Techniques for Expression and Storage
Once medical clearance is given, colostrum collection relies almost exclusively on hand expression rather than using a breast pump. Because colostrum is thick and produced in very small volumes, a pump tends to waste the fluid by coating the collection parts. Begin by washing hands thoroughly and finding a comfortable, relaxed position.
Use a gentle massage on the breast, working from the chest wall toward the nipple to stimulate the milk ducts. The expression technique involves forming a “C” shape with the thumb and forefinger about an inch or two away from the base of the nipple. Gently press back toward the chest, then compress the thumb and finger together in a rhythmic motion, avoiding any painful squeezing or sliding on the skin.
As drops of colostrum appear, collect them immediately using a sterile syringe or a small, clean container. Any colostrum collected over a 24-hour period can typically be combined into the same syringe or container, provided it is refrigerated between collection sessions. Proper storage is crucial to maintain the nutrient integrity and safety of the milk.
Each container must be clearly labeled with the person’s name, the date, and the time of the first expression. Colostrum should be refrigerated for up to 24 hours before it is frozen, or it can be frozen right away. For long-term storage, colostrum should be frozen at -18°C or colder, where it can be safely kept for up to six months. The frozen supply should be transported to the birthing location in a cooler with ice packs to prevent thawing.