Dental fillings are a common treatment to repair teeth damaged by decay (cavities) or physical trauma like chips and cracks. A filling restores the tooth’s integrity and function, preventing further deterioration. It seals off spaces where bacteria could thrive, protecting the inner pulp from infection. This restoration also strengthens weakened teeth, helps maintain proper chewing function, and can alleviate sensitivity or pain.
Types of Filling Materials
Several materials are commonly used for dental fillings, each with distinct properties. Silver amalgam fillings, a traditional option, consist of a combination of metals including mercury, silver, tin, and copper. These fillings are known for their durability, affordability, and ability to withstand chewing forces, often lasting 10 to 15 years or more. However, their silver color is noticeable, and they can expand and contract with temperature changes, potentially leading to tooth fractures over time.
Composite resin fillings are tooth-colored, made from a plastic resin base with powdered glass, quartz, or ceramic particles. They offer an aesthetic advantage as they can be matched to the natural tooth shade, making them less noticeable. While composite fillings bond directly to the tooth structure, requiring less removal of healthy tooth material, they may not be as durable as amalgam and can be more susceptible to staining.
Gold fillings are custom-made in a laboratory and are highly durable, often lasting for many years without tarnishing. They are very strong and can withstand significant chewing forces. However, gold fillings are generally more expensive and require at least two dental visits for placement.
Ceramic fillings, often made of porcelain, are also tooth-colored and resistant to staining and abrasion. They are durable and can last 15 years or more, offering an aesthetic appeal similar to natural teeth. Like gold, ceramic fillings are typically indirect restorations, meaning they are fabricated outside the mouth and bonded into place, often requiring multiple appointments.
Glass ionomer fillings are tooth-colored and composed of a mix of glass and acrylic. They are often used for fillings below the gum line or in children’s teeth, as they can release fluoride, which helps protect against further decay. While less durable and weaker than composite resins, they serve as a suitable option for specific applications, typically lasting a few years.
The Filling Procedure
The process of receiving a dental filling typically begins with an initial examination by the dentist to assess the extent of the damage, often using a dental probe or X-rays to locate decay. Once the need for a filling is confirmed, the area around the affected tooth is numbed using a local anesthetic.
After the anesthetic takes effect, the dentist proceeds to remove the decayed or damaged tooth material. This is typically done using a dental drill. Once the decay is removed, the remaining tooth structure is prepared to ensure the filling material can properly adhere and create a secure seal. This preparation may involve cleaning the cavity to remove any remaining bacteria or debris.
The chosen filling material is then carefully applied to the prepared cavity. For composite resin fillings, the material is often placed in layers, and each layer is hardened using a special curing light. After the material is placed, the dentist shapes and sculpts the filling to match the tooth’s natural contours and ensure it aligns correctly with the patient’s bite. The final step involves polishing the filling to create a smooth surface.
Caring for a Filled Tooth
After receiving a dental filling, it is common to experience some sensitivity or discomfort once the local anesthetic wears off. This sensitivity might manifest as pain when exposed to hot or cold temperatures, pressure, or sweet foods. This sensation usually subsides within a few days to several weeks as the tooth’s nerve recovers from the procedure. If sensitivity persists beyond this period or worsens, it is advisable to contact your dentist.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important for the longevity of a filled tooth and overall oral health. Brushing at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste is recommended, along with daily flossing to remove plaque and food particles. When brushing, use gentle, circular motions around the filled tooth to avoid irritation or damage.
Dietary considerations also play a role in post-filling care. For the first 24-48 hours, it is often recommended to consume soft foods that require minimal chewing force, such as yogurt, mashed potatoes, or scrambled eggs. Avoiding sticky, hard, or crunchy foods like nuts or candies can prevent dislodging or damaging the new filling. Limiting sugary and acidic foods and drinks is also beneficial to reduce the risk of new decay forming around the filling.