Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition is common, affecting people of all ages and often causing eye redness.
Key Visual Signs of Pink Eye
The most noticeable sign of pink eye is the pink or reddish discoloration of the white part of the eye, caused by swollen blood vessels. The inner lining of the eyelid may also appear red.
Eye discharge is another common visual cue, varying in appearance (thin, watery, thick, clear, white, yellow, or green). This discharge can lead to crusting on the eyelids and eyelashes, especially upon waking.
Swelling of the eyelids or conjunctiva can also be present. The conjunctiva can sometimes swell to a milky appearance due to fluid accumulation. A gritty sensation, feeling as though something is in the eye, and light sensitivity (photophobia) can also accompany these visual symptoms.
Distinguishing Different Types by Appearance
The visual presentation of pink eye can offer clues about its underlying cause.
Viral conjunctivitis often presents with watery discharge, typically starting in one eye and spreading to the other within days. It can also be accompanied by cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose or sore throat. A swollen lymph node in front of the ear may also be observed.
Bacterial conjunctivitis features a thicker, pus-like discharge (yellow or green). This discharge is often profuse and can cause eyelids to be matted shut, especially in the morning.
Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by intense itching and watery discharge, frequently affecting both eyes. Individuals with allergic pink eye often experience other allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, a runny nose, or an itchy throat. The eyelids may appear puffy and swollen, and the conjunctiva can sometimes swell to a light purple hue.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many cases of pink eye resolve on their own, certain visual signs indicate a need for professional medical evaluation. Persistent or worsening symptoms after a few days also warrant a medical consultation.
Changes in vision, such as blurred vision or increased sensitivity to light, are important indicators for medical review. Individuals with a weakened immune system or pre-existing eye conditions should also seek prompt medical advice if they develop pink eye symptoms. If there is suspicion of a foreign object in the eye, causing sharp pain or a persistent feeling of something being present, medical attention is recommended.