Alcohol use disorder is a common health challenge. Managing alcohol consumption often requires a multifaceted approach, and medication can play a supportive role. Naltrexone is one such medication utilized to assist people in reducing their alcohol intake.
Understanding Naltrexone’s Purpose
Naltrexone is approved to help individuals struggling with alcohol use disorder. Its goal is to reduce the desire for alcohol and lessen the rewarding sensations from drinking. This medication does not “cure” alcohol use disorder; instead, it serves as a supportive tool within a broader treatment strategy, empowering individuals to manage consumption and maintain sobriety.
How Naltrexone Works in the Brain
Naltrexone operates by interacting with specific pathways within the brain, particularly targeting opioid receptors. When alcohol is consumed, the brain naturally releases endorphins, which are chemicals that bind to these opioid receptors. This binding contributes to the pleasurable feelings and positive reinforcement associated with drinking alcohol.
Naltrexone functions as an opioid receptor antagonist, meaning it occupies and blocks these same receptors. By blocking the receptors, naltrexone prevents endorphins from attaching, thereby diminishing the rewarding effects and pleasure derived from alcohol. This action can significantly reduce cravings and the intense urge to drink, making it easier for individuals to resist alcohol.
Using Naltrexone for Alcohol
Naltrexone is available in two main forms for treating alcohol use disorder: an oral pill and an extended-release injectable medication. The oral form is typically taken once daily, often at a dosage of 50 milligrams. The injectable version, commonly known as Vivitrol, is administered as a 380-milligram intramuscular injection once every four weeks. Both forms are generally used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, often alongside counseling or behavioral therapies. This medication can be initiated while an individual is still consuming alcohol, which can be a beneficial aspect for some people seeking to reduce their drinking.
What to Expect and Important Considerations
Individuals starting naltrexone may experience temporary side effects like nausea, headache, or dizziness, which usually subside as the body adjusts. Naltrexone does not induce sickness if alcohol is consumed, unlike disulfiram. It also does not alleviate alcohol withdrawal symptoms; therefore, individuals must complete detoxification before beginning treatment.
A significant consideration is naltrexone’s interaction with opioid medications, as it can precipitate severe withdrawal in opioid-dependent individuals. Patients must be opioid-free for 7 to 14 days before starting naltrexone. The medication is most effective when integrated into a broader recovery approach, including counseling, therapy, or support groups.