Myrcene is one of the most common terpenes found in the plant kingdom, a class of volatile aromatic compounds. Terpenes are responsible for the distinct musky, earthy, and sometimes fruity scents and flavors of many plants and fruits. As a monoterpene, Myrcene is a significant component in the essential oils of hundreds of plant species, contributing to both their aroma and their biological effects. Researchers are investigating the potential effects of Myrcene on the human body, focusing on the reported subjective feelings associated with its consumption and the underlying scientific mechanisms.
Defining the Myrcene Experience
The most frequently reported subjective effect of Myrcene is its calming and sedating influence. Consumers often describe a feeling of deep physical relaxation, sometimes referred to as a “body high” or a heavy, lethargic sensation. This effect is thought to reduce mental agitation and promote a tranquil state.
This tranquility is often linked to Myrcene’s potential muscle-relaxant properties, contributing to an overall sense of physical ease. Myrcene has also been associated with analgesic feelings, suggesting a role in reducing the perception of pain. The experience is described as a soothing, body-centered feeling that contrasts with more mentally stimulating compounds. Noticeable sedative qualities are typically produced by strains containing Myrcene concentrations above 0.5%.
Common Sources of Myrcene
Myrcene is a major component in the essential oils of the hop plant, giving certain beers their characteristic aroma. The terpene is also found in a variety of culinary and medicinal herbs, including lemongrass, bay leaves, thyme, and parsley.
Among fruits, the mango is a well-known source of Myrcene, contributing to its pleasant, sweet aroma. The concentration of Myrcene can vary significantly depending on the specific plant part and variety. For instance, wild thyme leaves or certain hop varieties may contain up to 40% Myrcene by weight in their essential oil profile.
How Myrcene Interacts with the Body
The reported calming effects of Myrcene are hypothesized to stem from its interaction with the nervous system. One proposed mechanism involves the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain. While Myrcene may not directly activate these receptors, research suggests that similar terpenes can modify their function, potentially mediating a relaxing or anxiolytic effect.
Myrcene also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive (pain-blocking) activity. Studies show Myrcene can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory compounds like prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2), suggesting a peripheral mechanism for pain relief. Its analgesic action has been observed in animal models, where it reduced pain response possibly by involving the body’s endogenous opioid system and alpha-2-adrenoreceptors.
A further area of research focuses on Myrcene’s potential to alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. It has been suggested that Myrcene may increase the transport of certain compounds into the brain, potentially enhancing the psychoactive responses of other substances. This interaction, if confirmed, could explain why Myrcene is thought to enhance the effects of other compounds when consumed together.
Factors Influencing Myrcene’s Impact
The feeling experienced from Myrcene consumption is subject to several factors, with concentration being a primary determinant. Effects are typically noticeable only at high concentrations, such as those found in specific plant extracts. Individual metabolism, body weight, and genetic makeup also play a role in how quickly Myrcene is processed and how strongly its effects are felt.
The context of consumption is important, particularly the presence of other compounds in the plant matrix. Myrcene is often discussed in the context of the “entourage effect,” a theory suggesting that terpenes and cannabinoids work together synergistically to enhance or modify the overall experience. In this model, Myrcene’s presence alongside other active molecules may contribute to a different feeling than if it were consumed in isolation. Research continues to investigate these synergistic interactions and how they shape the subjective experience.