Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Originating in central Europe and parts of Asia, it has since naturalized across North America. It is known for its effects on felines, often inducing behaviors like rolling, purring, and increased playfulness. Many are curious about how this herb might affect humans.
The Chemistry of Catnip
The primary active compound in catnip is nepetalactone, a volatile oil found in the plant’s leaves and stems. Nepetalactone is a type of terpene. This compound interacts specifically with the olfactory systems of felines.
When cats encounter nepetalactone, it binds to receptors in their nasal tissue. This interaction triggers a neurological response that leads to their euphoric and playful behaviors. While nepetalactone is responsible for these potent feline reactions, its interaction with human biological systems is quite different.
Human Effects of Catnip
The effects of catnip on humans are generally mild, differing from responses seen in cats. Humans do not possess the same specific receptors for nepetalactone that felines do, meaning catnip does not produce a euphoric effect. Instead, when consumed, catnip is reported to have a mild sedative or relaxing effect.
People commonly experience calmness or mild drowsiness after consuming catnip, particularly when brewed as a tea. Some report mild stimulation, though less frequent. Scientific evidence supporting these human effects is limited, relying mainly on traditional use. The exact mechanisms by which catnip might induce relaxation in humans are not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a different pathway than its action in felines.
Safety and Traditional Uses
Catnip is considered safe for adult consumption in moderate amounts, especially when consumed as a tea. However, consuming large quantities can lead to mild side effects such as headaches, vomiting, or stomach upset. Some individuals may also experience increased urination or drowsiness.
Historically, catnip has been used in herbal medicine for several purposes. It has been traditionally used as a mild sedative to promote relaxation and aid sleep. It has also been used for upset stomachs, digestive discomforts like gas and cramps, and cold symptoms such as fever and congestion. These are traditional uses and not medically proven treatments.
Individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid using catnip, as it may stimulate uterine contractions. Those with specific medical conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or heavy menstrual periods, should also avoid its use.