Ear wax, known scientifically as cerumen, serves as a natural protective substance within the ear canal. While typically beneficial, its excessive accumulation can sometimes lead to discomfort or interfere with hearing. Carbamide peroxide is a widely used over-the-counter solution that helps to soften and loosen ear wax, facilitating its removal.
Understanding Ear Wax
Cerumen is a naturally occurring substance produced by glands in the outer ear canal. It combines with dead skin cells and fine hairs, forming a protective barrier against dust, debris, and foreign particles.
Cerumen also helps to lubricate the ear canal and possesses antimicrobial properties that can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi. Normally, the ear has a self-cleaning mechanism, where jaw movements from chewing or talking help migrate older wax out of the ear canal. However, in some individuals, this natural process can be hindered, leading to wax buildup. Factors such as narrow ear canals, excessive hair in the ear, or hearing aids and earplugs can contribute to this accumulation.
The Chemical Action of Carbamide Peroxide
Carbamide peroxide is a compound consisting of urea and hydrogen peroxide. When this substance comes into contact with moisture, such as the water present in ear wax or the ear canal, it undergoes a chemical reaction. This breaks down the carbamide peroxide into its components.
The hydrogen peroxide component is particularly active. Upon release, it decomposes into water and oxygen gas. This decomposition causes the bubbling sensation felt when using the drops. Urea also helps soften the ear wax.
How Carbamide Peroxide Works to Remove Wax
The primary mechanism by which carbamide peroxide removes ear wax is through the action of the oxygen released from the hydrogen peroxide. As hydrogen peroxide breaks down, it generates small oxygen bubbles within the ear canal. These bubbles become trapped within the waxy mass.
This bubbling action physically disrupts the ear wax. Expanding oxygen bubbles mechanically break the wax into smaller, softer pieces. This process also loosens the wax’s adhesion to the ear canal walls. The softened and fragmented wax then becomes easier for the ear’s natural self-cleaning mechanisms to expel. Gentle irrigation with warm water after treatment can further aid removal.
Safe and Effective Use
For effective use of carbamide peroxide ear drops, it is recommended to tilt the head or lie down with the affected ear facing upwards. A specific number of drops, as directed by the product instructions, are then placed into the ear canal. Maintaining the head tilt for several minutes allows the solution to thoroughly penetrate the ear wax.
During treatment, a bubbling or fizzing sensation is common and indicates the product is working. Do not use carbamide peroxide if a suspected perforated eardrum, ear infection, or ear tubes are present, as this could cause irritation or damage. If symptoms persist or worsen after several days, or if pain, discharge, or hearing loss occurs, seek professional medical advice.