Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are common and often painful mouth ulcers that can make eating and speaking difficult. While various treatments exist, many people turn to home remedies, with baking soda being a frequently discussed option for its soothing properties. This article will explore the nature of canker sores and how baking soda may offer relief.
What Are Canker Sores
Canker sores are small, round or oval ulcers that develop inside the mouth, differing from cold sores which appear on the outside of the lips. They present with a white or yellowish center and a distinct red border. These sores commonly form on the soft tissues of the mouth, including the inside of the lips and cheeks, the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the soft palate.
While the exact cause remains unclear, several factors can trigger their appearance. Common triggers include minor injuries to the mouth from biting the cheek or aggressive brushing, emotional stress, and consuming acidic or spicy foods. Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12, iron, or folate, are also sometimes associated with their development.
How Baking Soda Works
Baking soda, chemically known as sodium bicarbonate, is an alkaline compound that influences the pH balance in the mouth. Canker sores often thrive in an acidic oral environment, which can exacerbate pain and irritation. Applying baking soda helps to neutralize this acidity, shifting the pH towards a more alkaline state. This change creates a less favorable environment for bacterial growth and promotes healing.
Beyond its pH-balancing effects, baking soda exhibits mild antiseptic properties. While not a strong disinfectant, it helps reduce the overall bacterial load in the mouth. This reduction in oral bacteria can help prevent secondary infections, which may delay healing. A cleaner environment supports the body’s natural healing mechanisms.
The soothing nature of baking soda helps alleviate inflammation and discomfort associated with canker sores. When applied, it creates a protective layer over the sore, shielding it from further irritation caused by food or movement. This protective action, combined with its ability to reduce swelling, contributes to a reduction in pain. Baking soda also exerts a mild drying effect on the sore, which can accelerate the healing process.
Using Baking Soda for Canker Sores
A common method for using baking soda involves creating a mouth rinse. Dissolve about one teaspoon of baking soda in half a cup (approximately 120 milliliters) of warm water. Swish this solution around the mouth for 15 to 30 seconds, ensuring it makes contact with the sore, before spitting it out. This rinse can be used several times a day, typically two to four times, to maintain a balanced oral environment and reduce discomfort.
For more targeted application, a baking soda paste can be made. Mix a small amount of baking soda with a few drops of water until a thick consistency is achieved. Gently dab this paste directly onto the canker sore using a clean cotton swab or fingertip. The paste can be left on the sore for several minutes before rinsing or allowed to dissolve. This method can be applied two to three times daily, particularly after meals, to provide direct relief.
While generally considered safe for oral use, it is advisable not to swallow large quantities of baking soda. If canker sores are unusually large, persist for more than two weeks, or are accompanied by fever or other systemic symptoms, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional. Baking soda is a supportive measure, not a definitive cure, and professional advice can help rule out underlying conditions.