The Purpose of Water Towers
Water towers serve a fundamental role in municipal water supply systems by ensuring consistent water pressure for consumers. Gravity is the natural force harnessed by these structures to achieve this, as the elevated position of the water creates hydrostatic pressure that pushes water through distribution pipes to homes and businesses. This continuous pressure allows water to flow reliably from faucets, showers, and other fixtures, regardless of a home’s elevation within the service area.
Beyond maintaining pressure, water towers also provide an important reserve supply of water. This stored volume helps meet periods of peak demand, such as during peak showering or lawn watering times. Instead of requiring powerful pumps to constantly match fluctuating demand, the stored water can flow out to supplement the system during these high-usage times.
A substantial reserve is also important for emergencies. In situations like a water main break or a fire, the stored water can be readily deployed to maintain service or aid firefighting efforts. This readily available supply minimizes reliance on immediate pumping capacity, enhancing the overall reliability and resilience of the water distribution network.
How Water Towers Work
A water tower functions by using the height of its elevated tank to generate pressure within the water distribution system. Water from a treatment plant or well is pumped into the tower’s large tank, typically during low demand periods. This pumping process fills the tank, raising the water level and potential energy.
As community water demand increases, the stored water flows out into the distribution pipes. Gravity then pulls the water downward, creating pressure for delivery to homes and businesses. This outward flow reduces the water level within the tank.
The operation of a water tower is a continuous cycle of filling and draining, managed by various controls. Sensors inside the tank monitor the water level, signaling pumps to activate and refill the tower when the level drops. Conversely, when the tank is full, these controls stop the pumps, preventing overflow and conserving energy.
The tower connects to the main water distribution network via large inlet and outlet pipes, often the same pipe performing both functions. This integrated system allows water to be pumped into the tank and then flow out into the community as needed. The elevated design ensures that even if the pumps temporarily lose power, water can still be supplied due to the stored volume and gravitational force.