Essential Parts of a Water Gun
A typical water gun relies on several components working in concert to propel water. The water reservoir, often a plastic tank, stores the water before it is expelled. This component can vary in size, from small internal tanks in compact models to larger external containers.
The pump or compression mechanism is responsible for building up pressure inside the device. Finally, the nozzle is the opening through which the water exits the gun, playing a significant role in shaping the water stream.
Generating Water Pressure
The fundamental principle behind a water gun’s operation is the creation of pressure. Most common water guns achieve this through a manual pump mechanism. As the pump handle is moved back and forth, it compresses air within a chamber, which in turn exerts force on the water.
In some designs, the pump directly moves water from the reservoir into a separate compression chamber. This chamber becomes pressurized as more water and air are forced into it. The built-up pressure is then ready to be released. The more times the pump is cycled, the greater the pressure that accumulates, leading to a more forceful and distant stream.
Water’s Journey Through the Gun
Once pressure is established, the water begins its controlled journey towards the target. Water is drawn from the reservoir into the pump mechanism. One-way valves ensure that water flows only in the intended direction, preventing it from returning to the reservoir during the compression stroke.
After being pressurized, the water resides within a pressure chamber. When the trigger is pulled, it activates a valve, allowing the highly pressurized water to escape from this chamber. This sudden release of pressure forces the water through a series of internal pathways and out of the gun. The internal tubing and connections are designed to guide the water flow.
Shaping the Water Stream
The nozzle is the final component the water passes through before exiting the water gun. Its design influences the characteristics of the expelled water stream. The size and shape of the nozzle’s opening determine properties like the stream’s velocity, range, and form.
A smaller nozzle opening concentrates the water into a thinner, faster stream, which can travel a greater distance. Conversely, a larger opening produces a broader, less forceful spray. Some water guns feature adjustable nozzles, allowing users to customize the spray pattern from a narrow jet to a wider fan.