Constipation is a prevalent digestive concern characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stool. Individuals experiencing constipation may have fewer than three bowel movements per week, or their stools might be hard, dry, or lumpy. When dietary and lifestyle adjustments are insufficient, suppositories offer a direct and targeted approach to provide relief.
What Suppositories Are
A suppository is a small, solid medication designed for insertion into the rectum. These typically cone-shaped or oval forms are made from a substance that melts or dissolves at body temperature, releasing the active medication. Once inserted, the medication is absorbed locally to act on the lower digestive tract.
For constipation, two primary types of suppositories are commonly used. Glycerin suppositories are a popular choice, known for their gentle action. Another type includes stimulant suppositories, which often contain bisacodyl. These allow suppositories to address constipation through different physiological pathways within the rectum.
How Suppositories Relieve Constipation
Glycerin suppositories exert their effect through a dual mechanism. Upon insertion, glycerin draws water from the body into the bowel. This influx of water helps to soften the stool, making it easier to pass. Additionally, glycerin produces a mild irritant effect on the rectal lining, which stimulates local muscle contractions. These contractions promote the movement of stool through the rectum.
Stimulant suppositories operate by directly influencing the nerves within the colon. The active ingredient stimulates these nerves, prompting the muscles in the intestinal wall to contract more vigorously. This increased muscular activity helps to propel the stool forward. Bisacodyl also contributes to the accumulation of fluid and salts in the intestines, aiding in softening the stool and promoting its passage. Both glycerin and bisacodyl suppositories work locally within the rectum and lower colon, differentiating their action from oral laxatives that affect the entire digestive system.
Proper Use and Considerations
Begin by washing your hands. Unwrap the suppository and, if desired, moisten its tip with cool water or a water-based lubricant. Position yourself comfortably, such as lying on your side with one leg bent, or standing with one foot elevated.
Gently spread your buttocks and insert the suppository, tapered end first, into the rectum, pushing it past the muscular sphincter. For adults, this usually means inserting it about one to three inches. After insertion, remain still, lying or sitting with legs closed, for approximately 15 to 30 minutes. Suppositories typically produce a bowel movement within 15 to 60 minutes.
While generally safe for occasional use, suppositories can sometimes cause mild side effects like abdominal discomfort, cramping, or a burning sensation in the rectum. Suppositories are intended for short-term relief, and prolonged daily use is not recommended as it may lead to dependence. Consult a healthcare professional if constipation persists for more than a week, if you experience severe abdominal pain, notice blood in your stool, or have unexplained weight loss.