Understanding Hemorrhoid Suppositories
Hemorrhoid suppositories are a common treatment for discomfort from swollen blood vessels in and around the anus and rectum. These small, bullet-shaped or oval-shaped solid preparations are designed for rectal insertion, delivering active ingredients directly to the affected area. Their primary purpose is to provide local relief from symptoms like pain, itching, burning, and swelling. The solid form melts at body temperature, releasing therapeutic compounds. Suppositories are often considered for internal hemorrhoids, though they can also help soothe symptoms of external hemorrhoids.
The Mechanism of Action
Upon rectal insertion, the suppository’s solid base, often made of cocoa butter or gelatin, melts due to body warmth. This process releases the concentrated active ingredients.
Once released, these medications are absorbed into the local rectal tissue through its mucous membranes. The rich blood supply in the rectal area facilitates direct delivery of the compounds to inflamed hemorrhoidal veins and nerve endings. This localized absorption reduces systemic exposure compared to oral medications, and the sustained release provides prolonged relief.
Key Therapeutic Components
Hemorrhoid suppositories contain various active ingredients, each designed to address specific symptoms:
Local anesthetics, such as pramoxine, numb nerve endings, providing temporary relief from pain and itching.
Vasoconstrictors, like phenylephrine, temporarily narrow blood vessels, reducing swelling and discomfort.
Astringents, such as witch hazel, dry and protect the skin, aiding in irritation reduction and promoting tissue healing.
Protectants, including cocoa butter or shark liver oil, form a protective barrier over inflamed tissues, preventing further irritation and making bowel movements less painful.
Corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, are anti-inflammatory agents that reduce swelling and itching.
Using Suppositories Effectively
For optimal effectiveness, proper insertion of a hemorrhoid suppository is important. Begin by gently cleansing the affected area. Unwrap the suppository and, if desired, moisten the tip with a few drops of water to aid insertion. Lie on your side with one knee bent, or stand with one foot on a chair, then gently insert the suppository, pointed end first, about one inch past the anal sphincter.
Remaining still for a few minutes after insertion allows the suppository to melt and begin its action. Relief can be expected, with effects typically lasting several hours. Suppositories are generally used two to four times daily, often after a bowel movement, for a limited duration.