Fluoroscopy is a medical imaging technique that provides real-time, moving images of the body’s interior. Unlike traditional X-rays, which capture a single static picture, fluoroscopy functions like a live video. This allows healthcare providers to observe internal structures and their movements.
The Imaging Principle
The process begins with an X-ray source emitting a continuous beam through the body. As X-rays pass through different tissues, some are absorbed while others continue to a detector. This detector, typically an image intensifier or a flat panel, converts the X-rays into a visible light image or electrical signals. This continuous conversion creates a live feed, displayed on a monitor, enabling medical professionals to see internal processes in motion.
Enhancing Visibility with Contrast
Many internal organs and blood vessels are not clearly visible on standard fluoroscopy images due to similar tissue densities. Contrast agents are often introduced to enhance visibility. These substances, such as barium or iodine, absorb X-rays differently than natural tissues, making specific structures appear bright or dark.
Barium, often swallowed or administered as an enema, is commonly used to visualize the digestive tract. Iodine-based agents are typically injected into blood vessels to highlight arteries and veins or into other body cavities. This allows for a clearer, more detailed view of internal function and structure.
The Fluoroscopy Procedure Explained
Before a fluoroscopy exam, patients typically receive instructions, which may include fasting. Upon arrival, patients are asked to remove jewelry or clothing that might interfere with imaging and change into a gown. The patient is positioned on an examination table.
If a contrast agent is necessary, it is administered by swallowing, injection, or enema, depending on the body area. During the procedure, the medical team observes real-time X-ray images, sometimes asking the patient to change positions or hold their breath. Procedure duration varies, but many are relatively quick.
Common Uses of Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy is used in various medical fields to observe dynamic processes. It frequently examines the digestive system, such as during a barium swallow or enema. In cardiology, it guides catheter placement for blood flow assessment or stent placement.
Orthopedic surgeons use it to guide joint replacements or fractured bone repair. It also aids in procedures like hysterosalpingograms, which examine female reproductive organs.
Understanding Safety Measures
Fluoroscopy involves exposure to ionizing radiation. Medical professionals take several measures to minimize this exposure for patients and staff. These include using the lowest possible radiation dose and limiting X-ray beam time.
Patients are covered with lead aprons or shields to protect sensitive areas of the body not being imaged. Medical staff wear lead aprons, thyroid shields, and lead glasses, and position themselves to reduce scattered radiation exposure. Healthcare providers perform a benefit-risk assessment, ensuring diagnostic information outweighs the small radiation risk.