The Journey of a Nasal Feeding Tube
A nasal feeding tube, called a nasogastric (NG) or nasoenteric tube, delivers nutrition, hydration, and medication when a person cannot eat or drink enough by mouth. Inserted through the nose, this flexible tube bypasses the mouth and throat to provide sustenance directly into the digestive system.
A healthcare professional guides the tube from the nasal cavity, down the throat, through the esophagus, to its destination. For a nasogastric (NG) tube, this destination is the stomach.
Alternatively, a nasoenteric tube extends into the small intestine, specifically the duodenum (ND) or jejunum (NJ). The tube type depends on the patient’s needs and desired nutrient absorption location. During insertion, the patient sits upright, and the lubricated tube is advanced as they swallow.
After insertion, confirming correct tube placement is important to prevent complications. Healthcare providers use an X-ray to confirm the tube’s position. Other methods include checking the pH level of fluid aspirated from the tube or listening for air sounds (auscultation) over the stomach, but X-ray is the most reliable.
How Nutrition and Medication are Delivered
Once in place, a nasal feeding tube delivers liquid nutrition formulas and medications. Two main methods administer nutrition: bolus feeding and continuous feeding. Bolus feeding involves delivering a larger volume of formula over a shorter period, several times a day, mimicking meal times.
Continuous feeding provides a steady, slow drip of formula over many hours, facilitated by a feeding pump. These pumps regulate the flow rate, ensuring consistent nutrient delivery. Syringes are used for bolus feeds, allowing caregivers to manually push formula through the tube.
Administering medication through the tube also requires careful attention. Medications are liquid or crushed and mixed with water to prevent clogging. Before and after any administration, the tube is flushed with a small amount of water. This flushing maintains the tube’s patency and prevents blockages.
Daily Life with a Nasal Feeding Tube
Living with a nasal feeding tube involves daily care routines for comfort and to prevent complications. Cleaning the skin around the insertion site maintains hygiene and reduces irritation or infection. This involves washing the area with mild soap and water or an antiseptic solution as directed by a healthcare provider.
Securing the tube is also a daily task. Special tape or a nasal retaining device anchors the tube to the nose, preventing dislodgement. This securement minimizes discomfort and protects nasal passages from friction. Oral hygiene remains important, even without oral food intake, and regular mouth care keeps the mouth clean and moist.
Individuals can continue most daily activities with a nasal feeding tube. Sleeping positions might need adjustments to prevent accidental dislodgement, such as elevating the head. Movement and socialization are unaffected, though care must be taken during activities that might pull on the tube. Monitoring for discomfort, such as skin irritation or persistent nausea, helps ensure patient well-being.