Earwax, medically known as cerumen, is a natural substance in the ear canal that serves protective purposes. It acts as a barrier, trapping dust, foreign particles, and microorganisms, preventing them from reaching deeper parts of the ear like the eardrum. Earwax also lubricates and moisturizes the ear canal skin, preventing dryness and itching. Normally, earwax naturally moves out of the ear canal, often aided by jaw movements, and then falls out or is washed away. However, sometimes earwax accumulates or becomes impacted, leading to issues that require professional medical attention.
Methods Doctors Use
When earwax buildup becomes problematic, medical professionals use specific techniques for safe and effective removal. Ear syringing, also called ear irrigation, is one common method. This procedure involves flushing the ear canal with warm water or a saline solution to dislodge and wash out the wax. Patients may feel a gentle gushing sensation and warmth during this process. This process typically takes around 30 minutes or less.
Manual removal is another technique, particularly for harder or larger wax impactions. This involves specialized instruments like curettes, forceps, or hooks. The professional performs this under direct visualization, often using an otoscope or microscope, to carefully extract the wax. This direct view allows for precise removal.
Microsuction uses a small, sterile suction device to vacuum wax from the ear canal. This technique is often performed with a microscope or endoscope, providing a clear view. Microsuction is a “dry” procedure, meaning it does not involve water, which can benefit individuals with perforated eardrums or those prone to ear infections. It is considered a gentle and efficient way to remove earwax.
When Professional Cleaning is Needed
Professional ear cleaning is necessary when earwax accumulation causes symptoms or complicates ear examinations. Common indicators include partial hearing loss, a feeling of fullness or blockage, and earache. Some individuals may also experience ringing or buzzing (tinnitus), dizziness, or itching. In rare cases, nerve stimulation can lead to a cough.
Professional help is needed when home remedies fail or if wax prevents a doctor from examining the ear, such as to diagnose an infection. Removal is also needed before fitting hearing aids, as wax can interfere with their function. Individuals with pre-existing ear conditions, like a perforated eardrum, ear tubes, or a history of ear surgery, should consult a healthcare provider for earwax removal, as home remedies could lead to complications.
Preparing for and Undergoing the Procedure
Before an ear cleaning appointment, avoid attempting to remove earwax with cotton swabs or other objects, as this can push wax deeper and worsen impaction. A healthcare provider might suggest using earwax softening drops, such as mineral oil, hydrogen peroxide, or over-the-counter cerumenolytics, for several days before the appointment. This softening can make removal easier and more comfortable.
During the procedure, patients can expect various sensations. With irrigation, warmth and a gushing sound are common. Manual removal and microsuction may involve pressure or the sound of the suction device. While mild discomfort is possible, these procedures are safe when performed by a trained professional.
After cleaning, immediate sensations might include temporary fullness or improved hearing. Follow any post-procedure care instructions, which may include keeping the ear dry for a few days to prevent infection. Temporary dizziness or ear canal irritation can occur but usually resolve quickly. Professional ear cleaning is a safe procedure with minimal risks, such as rare infection or eardrum perforation, emphasizing the need for a qualified medical provider.