A bite plate is a specialized dental appliance designed to address various oral health concerns. This custom-fitted device, often made from acrylic or a combination of materials, fits over or behind the upper or lower teeth. Its purpose is to align the teeth and jaw in a particular way, contributing to improved oral health and comfort.
Why a Bite Plate is Used
Bite plates are prescribed for several dental conditions. One common reason is a deep bite, also known as an overbite, where the upper front teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth. This condition can lead to the lower teeth contacting the upper gums, potentially causing gum recession and damage to tooth roots.
Another primary application for bite plates involves temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. These disorders can cause pain, tension, and headaches by affecting the jaw joint, leading to discomfort in the jaw, face, and even neck. Bite plates help by reducing pressure on the jaw joint and alleviating these symptoms. They are also widely used to manage bruxism, which is the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth. Bruxism can cause excessive wear on teeth, jaw pain, and sleep disturbances, with the bite plate acting as a protective barrier.
The Science Behind Its Function
Bite plates operate on biomechanical principles. The appliance creates a physical separation between the upper and lower teeth, preventing full closure. This separation helps to reposition the jaw into a more natural and comfortable alignment.
By preventing direct contact between opposing teeth, the bite plate reduces the forces exerted during clenching and grinding. This cushioning effect lessens the pressure on the temporomandibular joint, alleviating pain and muscle tension. The jaw muscles can relax, allowing the jaw to settle into a less strained position.
In cases of deep bite, an anterior bite plate works by holding the front teeth apart, which allows the back teeth to naturally erupt into a more balanced position. This controlled eruption helps to open the bite and reduce the excessive overlap of the front teeth. The gentle, consistent pressure applied by the bite plate encourages teeth to gradually shift into their correct alignment, improving overall bite.
Common Types and Their Application
Different types of bite plates are designed to address specific oral issues. Anterior bite plates are commonly used to correct deep bites. These devices typically fit over the front upper teeth, creating space that prevents the back teeth from touching. This allows for the gradual movement of teeth into their proper position.
Posterior bite plates, in contrast, are designed to address issues with the molars. While less common for deep bite correction, they can be used for other specific bite adjustments. Some bite plates are full-coverage splints, which cover all the teeth in one arch. These are frequently employed for managing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and severe bruxism, providing comprehensive cushioning and pressure distribution across the entire dental arch. The choice of bite plate depends on the individual’s condition and the specific treatment goals set by a dental professional.