The colloquial term “cold in the eye” refers to a red, watery, and irritated eye that often appears alongside or shortly after a common cold. Symptoms, including a gritty feeling and sometimes a noticeable discharge, signal inflammation of the eye’s outer membrane. Recovery involves managing immediate discomfort and strictly controlling the spread of the infection.
Understanding Viral Conjunctivitis
The condition commonly referred to as a “cold in the eye” is medically known as viral conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye). This infection is overwhelmingly caused by adenoviruses, the same pathogens responsible for many upper respiratory illnesses. Since the underlying cause is a virus, antibiotic treatment is ineffective and does not speed up recovery.
The body’s immune system must resolve the infection naturally, meaning the condition is self-limiting. Viral conjunctivitis typically runs its course over 7 to 14 days, though some cases may persist for up to three weeks. Management must focus on making the patient comfortable while the virus clears, as the infection itself cannot be instantly eliminated.
Immediate Relief Strategies
One of the most effective methods for immediate comfort is the application of cool compresses to the affected eye area. Soaking a clean washcloth in cool water and gently placing it over the closed eyelids for several minutes can significantly reduce swelling and inflammation. This cooling effect helps constrict the blood vessels, which diminishes the appearance of redness and alleviates the burning or itching sensation.
Lubricating eye drops, often called artificial tears, are readily available without a prescription and can be used frequently throughout the day to wash away irritants. Using preservative-free artificial tears is recommended, especially for frequent application, as they minimize the risk of irritation from chemical additives. These drops provide a soothing layer of moisture to counter the dry, gritty sensation that often accompanies the infection.
Any discharge that crusts on the eyelids, particularly upon waking, should be cleaned away very gently. Using a fresh, moist cotton ball or a clean cloth, carefully wipe the discharge from the inner corner of the eye outward. It is important to use a clean cloth or cotton ball for each wipe and avoid touching the eye itself to prevent further irritation or introducing secondary infection.
Preventing Transmission and Accelerating Recovery
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads easily through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. Strict hand hygiene is paramount, requiring frequent washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before and after touching the face or applying eye drops. Avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes is also essential, as this can spread the virus from one eye to the other or to other people.
All personal items that contact the eyes should be isolated and cleaned thoroughly. Pillowcases, towels, and face cloths must be changed daily and washed separately using hot water and detergent to neutralize the virus. Temporarily discontinue the use of contact lenses and eye makeup; contacts should be discarded or disinfected, and makeup products must be replaced after the infection clears to prevent re-infection.
To prevent environmental spread, avoid sharing items like cosmetics, sunglasses, or towels. Also avoid swimming pools, as the virus can be transmitted through contaminated water or surfaces. Following these steps helps confine the viral particles, accelerating the end of the contagious phase and supporting recovery.
Signs That Require Medical Attention
While most cases of viral conjunctivitis are mild and resolve with home care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical evaluation. A sudden onset of severe eye pain that is disproportionate to the irritation should prompt immediate consultation. Significant changes in vision, such as persistent blurriness that does not clear after blinking or wiping away discharge, are also serious warning signs.
Intense sensitivity to light (photophobia) suggests the infection may be affecting the cornea, which requires prompt assessment. If the discharge becomes thick and takes on a distinctly yellow or green color, it may indicate a secondary bacterial infection requiring prescription antibiotic drops. If symptoms continue to worsen or fail to improve after five to seven days of home care, see a medical professional to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other eye conditions.