Ear tubes, also known as tympanostomy tubes, myringotomy tubes, or ventilation tubes, are small, hollow cylinders placed into the eardrum. These devices allow air into the middle ear and drain accumulated fluid, equalizing pressure and reducing chronic middle ear conditions.
Reasons for Adult Ear Tubes
While ear tube insertion is more common in children, adults can also benefit from this procedure for persistent ear problems. A primary reason for adults to receive ear tubes is chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction, where the tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat does not properly open or close. This dysfunction can lead to a sensation of ear fullness, pressure changes, and fluid accumulation.
Adults may also require ear tubes for recurrent middle ear infections (otitis media) that do not respond to other treatments, or for persistent middle ear fluid (serous otitis media or “glue ear”) that causes hearing loss. Barotrauma, which is damage to the ear caused by changes in air pressure, such as from flying or scuba diving, is another common condition in adults that can necessitate ear tube placement. Ear tubes can alleviate symptoms like hearing loss and balance issues.
Preparing for Ear Tube Insertion
Before ear tube insertion, an adult undergoes a thorough evaluation by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. This consultation involves a detailed review of medical history and current medications. Diagnostic tests, such as audiometry to assess hearing and tympanometry to measure eardrum movement and middle ear pressure, are performed to confirm the need for the procedure.
Patients receive pre-operative instructions, including fasting guidelines if general anesthesia is used. They are advised to avoid wearing makeup, jewelry, or perfumes on the day of surgery and to arrange for a responsible adult to drive them home afterward.
The Ear Tube Insertion Procedure
Ear tube insertion in adults is a quick, outpatient procedure, often taking less than 20 minutes. For adults, it is frequently performed under local anesthesia in a clinic setting, numbing the eardrum while the patient remains awake. General anesthesia might be used in some situations or if anatomical challenges exist.
The surgeon cleans earwax from the ear canal for a clear view. A tiny incision (myringotomy) is made in the eardrum using a scalpel or laser. Any trapped middle ear fluid is drained or suctioned. A tube, typically plastic or metal, is then inserted into the incision to keep it open for ventilation and drainage.
After Ear Tube Insertion
After ear tube insertion, adults typically spend a short time in recovery before discharge home the same day. Patients may experience mild discomfort or ear fullness for a day or two, manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. Hearing improvement is often noticeable immediately or within a few days as fluid drains and pressure equalizes.
Post-operative care includes antibiotic ear drops to prevent infection. Routine bathing and showering are generally safe, but water precautions, such as using earplugs during swimming or head submersion, are recommended to prevent water from entering the middle ear. Tubes typically fall out within 9 to 18 months; longer-term types like T-tubes may require surgical removal. Follow-up appointments monitor the tubes and healing.