Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen veins in the rectum or anus, which can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. Many people seek relief through over-the-counter treatments. Hemorrhoid suppositories offer a targeted approach to managing these symptoms.
How Suppositories Work at a Local Level
A hemorrhoid suppository is a solid, bullet-shaped medication designed for insertion into the rectum. Once inside, the suppository gradually melts or dissolves due to the body’s natural temperature. This process releases the active ingredients directly onto the affected tissues. Localized delivery ensures the medication concentrates where needed, providing relief to the inflamed or irritated area. This method minimizes systemic absorption.
Understanding Common Active Ingredients
Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, narrow local blood vessels. This reduces blood flow to swollen tissues, helping to decrease swelling and discomfort. The constriction can provide a noticeable reduction in the size of the inflamed area.
Local anesthetics, including pramoxine and lidocaine, provide temporary relief from pain and itching by blocking nerve signals in the affected area. These compounds effectively numb the region. This localized numbing effect can significantly improve comfort for individuals experiencing acute hemorrhoid symptoms.
Corticosteroids, like hydrocortisone, are anti-inflammatory agents. They suppress the immune response that leads to inflammation, reducing swelling, redness, and itching. Their action targets the underlying inflammatory processes contributing to discomfort.
Protectants, such as zinc oxide or shark liver oil, form a protective barrier over irritated skin and mucous membranes. This layer shields sensitive tissues from further irritation, promoting healing. They help to soothe and protect the skin, reducing friction and discomfort.
Astringents, including witch hazel or calamine, cause tissues to contract and dry out secretions. This shrinks swollen tissues and reduces moisture, lessening irritation and itching. These ingredients contribute to a feeling of tightness and can help alleviate weeping or discharge.
Proper Usage and Duration of Treatment
Before inserting a suppository, empty bowels if possible and wash your hands thoroughly. Unwrap the suppository and, if soft, chill it to firm it. Gently insert the pointed end into the rectum with your finger.
Remain lying down for a few minutes after insertion. Use one suppository two to four times daily, often in the morning, evening, and after each bowel movement. Most over-the-counter treatments are intended for short-term use, up to seven days.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if hemorrhoid symptoms persist or worsen after a few days of self-treatment. Severe pain, significant bleeding, or any new or unusual symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. A doctor can accurately diagnose the condition and recommend the most appropriate course of action, especially if self-care measures are not providing adequate relief.