Small centipedes, commonly found indoors, generally pose a low threat to humans. While they possess venom and can bite, the effects are typically minor and not life-threatening.
Recognizing Small Centipedes
Small centipedes frequently found in homes are often house centipedes. These arthropods typically measure between 1 to 1.5 inches in length. Their bodies are grayish-yellow and marked with three distinct dark stripes running lengthwise.
A distinguishing feature of house centipedes is their numerous, long legs, with 15 pairs, and whip-like antennae. They are commonly found in moist, dark environments such as basements, bathrooms, crawl spaces, and closets, as these areas provide the humidity they prefer.
Assessing Their Threat
Small centipedes can bite, but their venom is generally mild for humans. The sensation of a bite is often compared to a bee sting. In some instances, their modified front legs, called maxillipeds, may not even be strong enough to break human skin.
When a bite occurs, typical symptoms include immediate localized pain, mild swelling, and redness around the bite site. A burning sensation may also be experienced, lasting about 30 minutes. Pain usually subsides within a few hours, though it can occasionally persist for up to 48 hours.
While most reactions are limited to the bite area, severe systemic reactions are rare. Individuals with allergies to insect stings, such as those from bees, could experience a more significant reaction. Such reactions might include widespread hives, dizziness, or difficulty breathing, necessitating immediate medical attention.
Responding to Centipede Encounters
If a small centipede bite occurs, wash the affected area with soap and water to clean the wound. Apply a cold compress or an ice pack to the bite site to reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can manage discomfort. Oral antihistamines may help reduce itching or swelling. Keep the bite area clean and covered, possibly with an antibiotic ointment, to prevent infection.
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, or if there are signs of infection such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or fever. Any signs of a severe allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing, widespread rash, or swelling of the face or throat, warrant immediate emergency medical care.
To reduce indoor centipede encounters, implement preventive measures. Reduce moisture levels in damp areas like basements and bathrooms using dehumidifiers and fixing leaks. Seal cracks and gaps in foundations, around windows, and doors to block entry points. Removing clutter and addressing other household pest issues also helps, as centipedes often enter homes in search of prey.