The bark scorpion, Centruroides sculpturatus, is a common arachnid found throughout the Southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona. This article clarifies the threat bark scorpions present.
Understanding the Threat
While a bark scorpion sting can be quite painful, it is rarely fatal for healthy, adult individuals. The venom primarily causes localized pain and discomfort, which typically resolves within a day or two. However, the level of danger increases significantly for certain vulnerable populations. Young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems or pre-existing heart or respiratory conditions are at higher risk of experiencing more severe systemic reactions. For these groups, the neurotoxic venom can affect the nervous system more profoundly, leading to symptoms beyond localized pain.
Identifying Bark Scorpions
Distinguishing a bark scorpion from other scorpion species is important for assessing potential risk. Bark scorpions are relatively small, typically measuring between 1 and 3 inches in length. They possess a slender body and a yellowish-tan coloration, which can vary slightly depending on their environment. A key identifying feature is their noticeably slender pincers, which appear thin in comparison to their body size. Their tail is also quite thin and often coils to one side when the scorpion is at rest or moving. Bark scorpions are nocturnal and are known for their ability to climb, frequently found on walls, trees, or under rocks and debris.
Symptoms of a Sting and What to Do
Upon being stung by a bark scorpion, the most common immediate symptom is intense localized pain, often described as a sharp, burning sensation, which may be accompanied by numbness, tingling, and slight swelling around the sting site. In more severe cases, particularly among vulnerable individuals, systemic symptoms can develop, such as involuntary muscle twitching, difficulty breathing, excessive drooling, vomiting, and abnormal eye movements. If any of these severe symptoms appear, or if a child or elderly person is stung, immediate medical attention is necessary. Cleaning the sting area with soap and water and applying a cold compress can help manage initial symptoms. Antivenom is available for severe envenomations but is reserved for severe cases.
Preventing Encounters
Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the likelihood of encountering bark scorpions around homes and living spaces. This includes sealing cracks in foundations, windows, and doors to prevent entry, and removing clutter like wood piles and debris from yards to eliminate hiding spots. Storing firewood away from the house and trimming back vegetation that touches the building also deters scorpions. When outdoors, especially at night, wearing closed-toe shoes and gloves is a practical precaution. Using a black light during nocturnal inspections can help detect scorpions, as they fluoresce under ultraviolet light.