Morton’s toe is a common anatomical feature of the human foot, often leading people to believe they have a medical condition when they simply have a variation in bone structure. This trait, also known as the Greek foot, alters the appearance of the toes. Understanding the underlying anatomy and how frequently this occurs can clarify the difference between this normal variation and a true foot disorder.
Anatomical Definition
Morton’s toe is defined by a specific skeletal arrangement where the first metatarsal bone is shorter than the second metatarsal bone. The metatarsals are the long bones connecting the ankle to the toes. This proportional difference means the joint at the base of the second toe is positioned farther forward than the joint at the base of the big toe. Consequently, the second toe naturally extends further than the big toe, or hallux, when viewed from above. This structural pattern is a hereditary variation, not a foot deformity or disease.
Prevalence Statistics
The frequency of Morton’s toe in the general population is broad, with estimates varying significantly across different studies and demographic groups. Global estimates for the prevalence of a longer second toe range from 4% to over 30%. A commonly cited figure suggests that approximately 22% of the population exhibits this characteristic, though some studies indicate prevalence can reach up to 42.2%. The discrepancy in numbers often depends on the specific measurement criteria used to define the length difference.
Specific population studies further illustrate this variation. Research among the Idoma people in Nigeria, for example, has shown that nearly a third of the people studied have this foot shape. A separate study in the Gulf region noted a prevalence of 28%, observing that this foot type was more commonly found in females.
Addressing Pain and Discomfort
While Morton’s toe is a normal variation, altered foot mechanics can sometimes lead to discomfort or pain, especially when wearing ill-fitting shoes. The shortened first metatarsal shifts a disproportionate amount of walking pressure onto the second metatarsal head. This increased load can cause localized pain, known as metatarsalgia, and may result in calluses or corns beneath the second metatarsal head.
Management focuses on non-surgical methods aimed at redistributing pressure away from the overloaded forefoot. Footwear featuring a wide, deep toe box provides ample space for the longer second toe and relieves compression. Orthotic inserts are also beneficial, often including padding to support the first metatarsal and balance weight distribution.