Breast cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells within the breast tissue. While breast cancer is a widely discussed health concern, its occurrence in teenagers is exceptionally uncommon. Understanding breast changes during adolescence and recognizing typical patterns can help alleviate concerns and guide appropriate actions.
The Rarity of Breast Cancer in Teens
Breast cancer is an extremely rare diagnosis among adolescents. Between 2012 and 2016, the incidence rate for female breast cancer in individuals aged 15 to 19 years in the United States was approximately 0.1 in 100,000, which translates to about one teenager in a million. The likelihood of developing breast cancer increases with age, making it highly improbable in younger individuals. Less than two percent of all breast cancer diagnoses occur in women younger than 34 years old.
Most breast changes experienced by teenagers are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. These changes are frequently linked to hormonal fluctuations and normal breast development. While breast awareness is prudent, the extreme rarity of cancer in this age group means significant concern is generally unwarranted.
Common Breast Lumps in Adolescence
Most breast lumps found in teenagers are non-cancerous. Fibroadenomas are the most frequent type of benign breast tumor in adolescents, accounting for approximately 91 percent of all solid breast masses in girls under 19 years old. These lumps typically feel firm, rubbery, and can be easily moved under the skin, often without causing pain. They consist of an overgrowth of connective tissue within the breast and are not associated with cancer.
Another common type of non-cancerous lump is a breast cyst, a fluid-filled sac. Cysts can become larger or tender, especially before a menstrual period. Additionally, normal breast development, such as the formation of breast buds during early puberty, can present as small, tender lumps near the nipple. Hormonal shifts throughout the menstrual cycle can also cause temporary thickening or lumpiness in the breasts.
When to Consult a Doctor
While breast cancer is uncommon in teenagers, seeking medical advice for any new or persistent breast concern is always advisable. A healthcare professional can provide reassurance and an accurate diagnosis. It is important to consult a doctor if a breast lump persists or increases in size, or if there are other concerning signs.
Specific changes that warrant medical attention include:
- Persistent breast pain not related to menstruation.
- Alterations in breast size or shape.
- Skin changes, such as dimpling, redness, scaling, or a rash.
- Nipple discharge, especially if spontaneous or bloody.