Determining the age of a squirrel can be a useful skill, whether out of general curiosity or when encountering a young animal that might need assistance. Understanding the physical and behavioral markers associated with different life stages allows for a better assessment of a squirrel’s development and potential needs. By observing specific characteristics, it is possible to estimate a squirrel’s approximate age.
Identifying Newborn and Infant Squirrels
Newborn squirrels, zero to two weeks old, are underdeveloped. Their eyes remain closed, and their skin appears pink and hairless. Movements are limited, and they are entirely dependent on their mother for warmth and nourishment. These very young squirrels may exhibit a visible umbilical cord remnant.
As they grow into infants, two to six weeks of age, their fur begins to thicken, and their eyes start to open around three to five weeks. Infant squirrels may still appear pinkish, and their ears will begin to unfold. While they can crawl, their movements remain wobbly and uncoordinated, and they are not yet capable of standing or walking independently. They emit soft, high-pitched crying or chirping sounds.
Recognizing Juvenile Squirrels
Juvenile squirrels represent a transitional phase, ranging from six weeks to four or five months of age. At this stage, they possess a full coat of fur, although it might appear less dense than an adult’s. Their tails are developing a bushy appearance but have not yet achieved the full, rounded look characteristic of mature squirrels. These young squirrels seem disproportionate or “gangly.”
Their movements become more coordinated, allowing them to climb and explore independently, though with a noticeable clumsiness compared to adults. Juvenile squirrels are actively learning foraging skills. They may display a curious nature, occasionally approaching humans more readily than adult squirrels. While gaining independence, they are still refining survival skills.
Distinguishing Adult Squirrels
Adult squirrels are over five or six months old, having reached their full body size and physical maturity. They exhibit a robust and well-proportioned build, with strong limbs and a fully developed, bushy tail. Their fur coat is thick and uniform, displaying the species-specific coloration clearly. Adult squirrels’ eyes are bright and alert.
Their movements are agile and confident, allowing them to navigate trees and terrain with speed and precision. Adult squirrels efficiently forage for food, demonstrating practiced skill in cracking nuts and storing provisions. They are fully independent and may exhibit territorial behaviors. Older adults may show signs of wear, such as nicks in their ears or thinning fur in specific areas.
Next Steps After Aging a Squirrel
Once a squirrel’s age has been estimated, appropriate actions can be taken, especially if the animal appears in distress. For very young squirrels, particularly newborns or infants with closed eyes, intervention is necessary if they are found alone, cold, or visibly injured. It is important to observe from a distance first, as the mother might be nearby and return for her young. If the mother does not return after several hours, or if the squirrel is clearly orphaned or injured, contact a local wildlife rehabilitator.
Juvenile squirrels require less intervention, as they are learning to be independent. However, if a juvenile appears disoriented, lethargic, or has visible injuries, it may also need professional assistance. Adult squirrels do not require human intervention unless they are severely injured, trapped, or exhibiting signs of serious illness. In all cases, it is safest for both the human and the animal to avoid direct contact.
Wildlife rehabilitators provide specialized care for injured or orphaned wild animals. They assess the squirrel’s condition, provide necessary medical treatment, and ensure its best chance of returning to the wild. Attempting to care for wild squirrels without proper knowledge and resources can inadvertently cause more harm than good. Always prioritize the safety of yourself and the animal by seeking expert guidance when encountering a squirrel in need.