Elands are the largest antelope species in the world, renowned for their impressive stature and robust build. These magnificent animals inhabit various environments across Africa, from open plains to woodlands. This article explores the physical dimensions of elands, highlighting the differences between the two main species and the factors that contribute to their varied sizes.
Eland Body Measurements
Elands are categorized into two primary species: the Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) and the Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus). While both are notably large, the Giant Eland is considered the largest antelope species. Despite its name, the “giant” in Giant Eland often refers more to its larger horns than a vastly superior overall body size compared to the Common Eland, though it is somewhat larger.
Common Eland males, known as bulls, can reach a shoulder height between 150 to 183 centimeters (59 to 72 inches) and weigh from 400 to 942 kilograms (882 to 2,077 pounds). Females, or cows, are smaller, standing 125 to 153 centimeters (49 to 60 inches) at the shoulder and weighing between 300 to 600 kilograms (660 to 1,320 pounds). Their body length, from snout to tail base, can span 240 to 345 centimeters (94 to 136 inches) for males and 200 to 280 centimeters (79 to 110 inches) for females.
Giant Eland males are larger than their common counterparts, with shoulder heights ranging from 150 to 181 centimeters (59 to 71 inches) and weights from 400 to 1,200 kilograms (880 to 2,650 pounds). Females of this species measure 128 to 181 centimeters (50 to 71 inches) at the shoulder and weigh 300 to 600 kilograms (660 to 1,320 pounds). Body length for Giant Elands can be between 219 and 291 centimeters (7.2 and 9.5 feet).
Understanding Eland Size Variation
Several factors contribute to variations in eland size. Sex is a primary determinant, with males consistently larger and heavier than females in both species. This sexual dimorphism means that bulls possess more robust builds, thicker horns, and a more pronounced dewlap, a fold of skin hanging from the neck.
Age also plays a role, as juvenile elands are smaller than adults. The availability and quality of food in their habitat influence an eland’s growth and overall body mass. Abundant and nutritious vegetation supports better development and larger dimensions.
A large male eland can stand as tall as a small horse at the shoulder. Their substantial weight, with some bulls exceeding 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds), places them in a similar weight class to a large domestic bull or even a small moose, making them one of the largest land animals in Africa. Despite their size, elands are agile, capable of jumping fences up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) high from a standstill.