The kudu is one of Africa’s largest and most recognizable antelopes, identified by its striking white stripes and, for males, their spiral horns. Two distinct species, the Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and the Lesser Kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), inhabit the continent, differing significantly in their overall size and bulk. These animals primarily live in dense bush and woodland habitats, relying on their dimensions and camouflage to evade predators.
Physical Dimensions of the Greater Kudu
The Greater Kudu is a massive antelope, with males (bulls) reaching sizes that make them one of the tallest antelopes after the Eland. Adult bulls stand between 130 and 160 centimeters (51 to 63 inches) tall at the shoulder. Their body length, measured from the head to the base of the tail, typically ranges from 185 to 245 centimeters (6.1 to 8.0 feet). Sexual dimorphism is highly pronounced. Male bulls are substantially heavier, weighing between 190 and 270 kilograms (419 to 595 pounds), with some large individuals approaching 315 kilograms (694 pounds). Females (cows) are noticeably smaller and more slender, usually weighing between 120 and 210 kilograms (265 to 463 pounds) and standing about 100 to 125 centimeters (39 to 49 inches) at the shoulder.
Comparison with the Lesser Kudu
The Lesser Kudu is considerably smaller and more finely built than its larger relative, inhabiting the drier, dense thickets of East Africa. The Lesser Kudu stands at a shoulder height of approximately 90 to 105 centimeters (35 to 42 inches). This size difference allows the Lesser Kudu to navigate the arid and dense bush environments where it lives. Adult males generally weigh between 60 and 105 kilograms (130 to 230 pounds). Female Lesser Kudus are smaller, typically weighing about 60 to 83 kilograms. Overall, the Lesser Kudu is roughly one-third to one-half the weight of a mature Greater Kudu bull, a substantial proportional difference. The Lesser Kudu also has more vertical white stripes on its coat, typically 11 to 15, compared to the Greater Kudu’s 6 to 10.
Horn Size and Sexual Differences
The spiral horn is the most dramatic physical characteristic of the kudu, found exclusively on the males of both species, as females are completely hornless. Greater Kudu horns form two and a half to three full twists as they grow. Measured along the curve of the spiral, these horns commonly range from 120 to 150 centimeters (47 to 59 inches) in length, with record specimens exceeding 180 centimeters (six feet). The horns are permanent structures that continue to grow throughout the male’s life, with the full length and number of twists indicating age and maturity. Lesser Kudu males also possess spiraled horns, but they are notably smaller, reaching lengths of about 60 to 90 centimeters (24 to 35 inches). Horn size is directly related to dominance and reproductive success, as mature males use them in a ritualized lateral display to size up rivals. The male’s overall bulk, including a thicker neck and a prominent throat beard, adds to this display.