The Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) is a powerful and formidable animal found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in savannas and grasslands. This article details the Cape Buffalo’s physical dimensions, weight, and distinctive horn characteristics.
Physical Dimensions
Cape Buffalo exhibit significant variations in linear measurements, with males typically being larger than females. A male Cape Buffalo, known as a bull, can reach a shoulder height of 1.5 to 1.7 meters (4.9 to 5.6 feet). Their body length, from head to rump, ranges from 2.1 to 3.4 meters (7 to 11.2 feet).
Female Cape Buffalo, or cows, are smaller, standing 1.3 to 1.5 meters (4.3 to 4.9 feet) at the shoulder. Their body length falls between 1.7 and 3.1 meters (5.6 to 10.2 feet). These measurements highlight the notable size difference between the sexes.
Weight and Stature
The Cape Buffalo’s robust frame is supported by considerable mass, reflecting their powerful build. Male Cape Buffalo commonly weigh between 650 and 900 kilograms (1,433 to 1,984 pounds), with some large individuals approaching 910 kilograms (2,000 pounds). Females are lighter, ranging from 425 to 700 kilograms (937 to 1,543 pounds).
This substantial weight is distributed over a muscular and stocky body, characterized by dense bone structure and powerful limbs. The front hooves are notably wider than the rear, an adaptation that supports the heavier, more powerful front portion of their body. Their physical strength allows them to move quickly despite their size, capable of charging at speeds up to 56 kilometers per hour (35 mph).
Horn Characteristics
A defining feature of the Cape Buffalo is its unique and often intimidating horns. Both males and females possess horns, but those of the males are significantly more massive and distinctive. In mature bulls, the horns fuse at the base, forming a continuous, helmet-like bony shield across the forehead known as the “boss.” This boss can be up to 2 inches thick, providing substantial protection to the skull during conflicts.
The horns sweep downwards and outwards from the boss, then curve smoothly upwards and inwards, creating a broad span that can exceed one meter (39 inches) in large bulls, with record spans reaching 164 cm (64.5 inches). Female horns are 10 to 20% smaller and lack the prominent boss found in males. This impressive headgear serves as a primary tool for defense and establishing dominance.