Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or inside an ovary. These growths are a common occurrence, particularly during a woman’s reproductive years. While the discovery of an ovarian cyst can be concerning, most are harmless and often resolve without intervention.
Understanding 2.7 cm
A 2.7 cm ovarian cyst is considered small. To put this into perspective, 2.7 centimeters is equivalent to the size of a blueberry or a small grape. Cysts under 4 cm in diameter are benign and rarely cause symptoms or complications, often resolving without treatment.
Different Types of Cysts at This Size
The significance of a 2.7 cm ovarian cyst depends on its specific type. The most common varieties are functional cysts, which form as a normal part of the menstrual cycle. These include follicular cysts, which arise when a follicle fails to release an egg, and corpus luteum cysts, forming when the egg-releasing sac fills with fluid. Functional cysts are benign and disappear on their own within one to three menstrual cycles.
Beyond functional cysts, other types can also measure around 2.7 cm. Endometriomas, sometimes called “chocolate cysts,” result from endometrial tissue growing on the ovaries, often linked to endometriosis. Dermoid cysts, or teratomas, contain various tissues like hair, skin, or teeth, arising from embryonic cells. Cystadenomas are cysts that form on the ovary’s surface and can contain watery or mucous fluid. These non-functional cysts are benign, but may require different monitoring or intervention if they cause symptoms or grow.
When to Be Concerned
Ovarian cysts, including those around 2.7 cm, do not cause symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging for other reasons. However, some cysts can lead to discomfort or more concerning signs that warrant medical attention. Common symptoms include pelvic pain, such as a dull ache or sharp pain, fullness or pressure in the abdomen, bloating, or pain during intercourse. Changes in menstrual patterns, such as heavier or irregular periods, also occur.
Immediate medical help is necessary if sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain occurs, especially if accompanied by fever, vomiting, dizziness, or lightheadedness. These symptoms could indicate a cyst rupture or ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists, potentially cutting off its blood supply. While complications are rare, recognizing these signs is important for timely evaluation.
Next Steps After Diagnosis
Ovarian cysts are diagnosed through a pelvic exam, followed by imaging, often an ultrasound. Ultrasound provides details on the cyst’s location, size, shape, and content (fluid or solid components). For a 2.7 cm cyst, if it is simple and fluid-filled, the approach is watchful waiting. This involves monitoring the cyst with repeat ultrasound scans over a few weeks or months to monitor resolution, as many small cysts do.
If the cyst persists, grows, or causes significant symptoms, further steps are considered. Hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, can prevent the formation of new functional cysts but do not shrink existing ones. If a cyst does not resolve, is suspicious, or causes ongoing problems, surgical removal is recommended. This is often performed using minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, which involves small incisions.