Camel spiders, known scientifically as Solifugae, are arachnids often subject to exaggerated tales, particularly concerning their size and behavior. This article clarifies their actual dimensions and addresses common myths, providing a factual understanding of these desert dwellers.
Understanding Their True Size
Camel spiders can appear imposing due to their leg span, but their actual body size is significantly smaller than often rumored. The largest species typically have a body length of 5.1 to 7.6 centimeters (2 to 3 inches). Some larger individuals might reach up to 15 centimeters (6 inches) in body length, though this is less common.
Their leg span, which frequently leads to confusion, can extend up to 15 centimeters (6 inches), and occasionally up to 20.5 centimeters (8.07 inches) in the largest specimens. This leg span contributes to their seemingly large appearance, but it is important to differentiate between their body length and the spread of their appendages.
Distinctive Physical Features
Several physical characteristics of camel spiders contribute to their formidable appearance, creating an illusion of greater size. They possess eight true legs, like other arachnids, but also have two prominent leg-like appendages called pedipalps at the front of their bodies. These pedipalps are used for sensory perception and manipulating prey, often giving the impression of ten legs.
Their chelicerae, or jaws, are disproportionately large relative to their body size. These jaws can be up to one-third of the camel spider’s body length and are used for grasping, tearing, and crushing prey. The combination of their long legs and large, pincer-like chelicerae can make them appear larger and more threatening, especially when viewed quickly or in photographs that manipulate perspective.
Separating Fact from Fiction
Many myths surround camel spiders, often fueled by folklore and distorted images. A common misconception is that they are venomous. Camel spiders are not venomous. While their bite can be painful due to strong jaws, it is not medically dangerous to humans; any risk primarily comes from potential wound infection.
Another widely circulated myth suggests camel spiders chase humans or camels. In reality, these arachnids are primarily nocturnal and seek shade to regulate their body temperature. If a camel spider approaches a person, it often seeks the shadow cast by that individual, not actively pursuing them. Their speed is also often exaggerated; while fast for an invertebrate, reaching speeds of up to 16 kilometers per hour (10 miles per hour), they are not capable of running at human speeds. Stories of them disemboweling camels or laying eggs under skin are entirely untrue.