Mullet are a common type of fish found in coastal waters worldwide, inhabiting a variety of environments from marine to freshwater and brackish estuaries. These schooling fish are frequently observed leaping from the water, a behavior thought to help them clear their gills or gain an oxygen boost in less oxygenated waters.
Typical Sizes of Mullet Species
The size of mullet can vary significantly depending on the specific species and their environment. The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) is one of the most widespread and well-known species, commonly reaching lengths of 12 to 30 inches (30 to 75 centimeters) and weights often ranging from 1 to 6 pounds. However, larger individuals of striped mullet have been recorded, with some reaching a maximum length of 47.2 inches (120 centimeters) and a weight of up to 17.6 pounds (8 kilograms).
Another common species, the white mullet (Mugil curema), is generally smaller than its striped counterpart. White mullet commonly grow to about 12 to 13 inches (30 to 33 centimeters) in length and typically weigh less than 2 pounds. While some white mullet can occasionally exceed this size, reaching up to 35.5 inches (90 centimeters), individuals over 12 inches are less common. The lifespan of mullet also influences their ultimate size, with some species living for 4 to 16 years, though 5 to 7 years is more typical.
What Affects Mullet Size
Several factors influence how large a mullet can grow, including its age, diet, habitat, and genetic makeup. Mullet continue to grow throughout their lives, although their growth rate tends to slow down as they age.
The availability and quality of food sources play a significant role in mullet growth. Mullet are primarily detritivores and herbivores, feeding on microscopic algae, plant detritus, and small invertebrates by sifting through sediments. A diet rich in protein, for instance, has been shown to support better growth and metabolism in mullet. Environmental conditions such as water quality, temperature, and the amount of available space also impact growth rates. For example, warmer temperatures can lead to increased growth in certain regions.
Genetic factors also contribute to the varying sizes observed among mullet. Different species inherently possess different maximum growth potentials. Even within the same species, distinct genetic strains can exhibit different growth rates, with some growing considerably faster than others. Additionally, female mullet often grow larger and at a faster rate than males of the same age.
Largest Mullet Ever Recorded
While many mullet species are relatively modest in size, there are documented records of exceptionally large individuals. The heaviest striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) officially recorded by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) weighed 10 pounds, 6 ounces (4.71 kilograms). This record-breaking fish measured 29.25 inches (74.23 centimeters) in length and was caught in Upper Laguna Madre, Texas, on March 13, 2009. This capture showcases the upper limits of their growth.