The Emperor Scorpion, Pandinus imperator, is one of the largest and most widely recognized scorpions kept as a pet globally. Native to the rainforests and savannas of West Africa, this arachnid is sought after due to its imposing size and relatively calm demeanor. Its impressive bulk is its most defining characteristic.
Maximum Length and Weight
Adult Emperor Scorpions typically reach an overall length between 6 and 8 inches (up to 20 centimeters), measured from the chelicerae to the telson, or stinger. This size places it among the largest scorpions in the world. Adults commonly weigh around 30 grams (about one ounce). Some exceptionally large specimens may even exceed the 8-inch mark, though this is less common in the pet trade. Wild-caught scorpions, which have access to a more varied and natural diet, are sometimes reported to be larger than those raised in captive environments.
Distinguishing the Emperor Scorpion from Other Species
Pandinus imperator is often confused with the similar-looking Asian Forest Scorpion (Heterometrus species). The Emperor Scorpion is characterized by a glossy, jet-black body that can sometimes appear to have a dark greenish sheen. Its most prominent feature is its large, robust pedipalps, or claws, which have a distinctly granular or pebbly texture.
In contrast, the Asian Forest Scorpion typically has smoother, less textured claws. The telson color is another distinguishing feature: Pandinus imperator typically has a light brown or amber-colored stinger, while many Heterometrus species have a wholly dark or black stinger. The Emperor Scorpion exhibits a brilliant fluorescence, glowing a pastel green or blue when viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light.
Temperament and Venom Profile
The Emperor Scorpion is known for its relatively docile temperament, which contributes significantly to its popularity in the pet hobby. When threatened, its primary defensive action is to pinch strongly with its massive claws, which it also uses to crush and dismember prey. The use of the stinger is infrequent, especially in adult specimens, which prefer to rely on their physical strength.
The venom it does possess is considered mild and contains neurotoxins, but it is not considered medically significant for most humans. For a healthy adult, a sting is typically comparable to a bee sting, resulting in localized pain, swelling, and redness at the site. While serious allergic reactions are possible, they are rare, and the risk of a severe outcome is low.
Housing Requirements Based on Size
The substantial size of the adult Emperor Scorpion dictates specific requirements for its habitat. A single adult requires an enclosure that is at least the size of a 10-gallon tank, which provides sufficient space for movement and thermal gradients. The terrestrial nature of the species means the enclosure’s length and width are more important than its height.
A deep layer of substrate is necessary to accommodate their natural burrowing instinct, which helps them regulate moisture and temperature. A minimum depth of 4 to 6 inches of moisture-retaining material like coco fiber or peat moss is recommended for this purpose. A high humidity level, ideally between 70% and 90%, must be maintained within the enclosure to replicate their native tropical environment and prevent dehydration.