Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body’s immune system, filtering fluid (lymph) throughout the body. They are strategically located in areas like the neck, armpits, and groin. Their function involves housing immune cells that identify and neutralize harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and damaged cells. This filtration protects the body from infection and disease.
Understanding Groin Lymph Nodes
Groin lymph nodes, also known as inguinal lymph nodes, are located in the crease between the leg and the lower abdomen. These nodes are typically pea-sized or bean-shaped. Their normal size is generally less than 1 to 2 centimeters, with a size exceeding 10 millimeters considered enlarged.
The groin lymph nodes filter lymph fluid from the lower limbs, genitals, perineum, and the lower abdominal wall. This makes them a common site for enlargement when an issue arises in these areas. They are divided into superficial nodes, located just beneath the skin, and deep nodes, found deeper within the upper thigh near the femoral vein.
Common Reasons for Swelling
Swelling in the groin lymph nodes often indicates the body is combating an infection or inflammation in the lower body. This enlargement occurs as immune cells within the nodes multiply to fight off foreign invaders. Common causes include skin infections in the legs or feet, such as cellulitis or athlete’s foot. Minor injuries like cuts or blisters on the foot can also lead to localized swelling.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are another common cause, as these nodes drain the genital area. Conditions like yeast infections, jock itch, or urinary tract infections (UTIs) can also enlarge groin lymph nodes. Inflammation from chemical irritants or conditions like folliculitis or ingrown hairs can also cause swelling.
When to Consult a Doctor
While swollen groin lymph nodes often resolve on their own, certain characteristics warrant medical attention. Consult a doctor if a swollen lymph node persists for more than two to four weeks or continues to grow. Nodes that feel hard, rubbery, or are fixed in place rather than mobile are concerning.
Other symptoms accompanying swollen lymph nodes that warrant medical attention include unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, or night sweats. If the skin over the swollen node becomes red or inflamed, or if the node drains pus or other substances, consult a doctor promptly. These signs can help a healthcare provider determine the underlying cause and the appropriate course of action.