Beefsteak tomatoes are a distinct category of cultivated Solanum lycopersicum, prized for their substantial size and dense, meaty texture. This variety is a favorite among home gardeners and culinary professionals because it produces large, uniform slices. Their impressive dimensions are the result of a specific genetic mutation and centuries of selective cultivation.
Typical Weight and Diameter
Beefsteak tomatoes are among the largest cultivated varieties. A typical fruit weighs approximately 450 grams (one pound) or more, often reaching up to 900 grams (two pounds) under optimal conditions. Certain heirloom varieties have produced individual fruits weighing up to four pounds.
Their diameter often measures between 10 to 15 centimeters (4 to 6 inches) across, though some can reach 20 centimeters (7.9 inches). This size is paired with a characteristic thick wall and dense, meaty flesh that contains less juice than smaller, standard varieties. The structure features pronounced ribbing and numerous internal seed compartments, known as locules, which contribute to the overall bulk.
What Makes Them So Large
The extraordinary size of the beefsteak tomato stems from a genetic anomaly affecting the plant’s growth management system. The primary factor is a naturally occurring mutation in the CLAVATA3 gene, which arose hundreds of years ago. This gene typically inhibits stem cell production in the plant’s meristem, the growing tip.
The mutation reduces this “stop” signal, leading to an abnormal proliferation of stem cells and a larger meristem. This results in a condition known as fasciation, where the fruit develops multiple, fused growing points, leading to the formation of numerous locules. Cultivators recognized this trait and selectively bred plants exhibiting this natural mutation, gradually increasing the size over centuries.
Growers also employ specific techniques, such as pruning the plant to limit the number of fruits. This directs the plant’s energy and nutrients toward maximizing the size of the remaining tomatoes.
Culinary Applications of Their Size
The substantial dimensions of beefsteak tomatoes make them well-suited for applications where structural integrity is valued. A single slice can completely cover a standard slice of bread, a hamburger patty, or a sandwich. This utility is the primary reason the variety is nicknamed “beefsteak,” as its dense flesh and large diameter resemble a cut of meat.
The thick walls and lower moisture content ensure the slices hold up without disintegrating, which is ideal for grilling or layering in sandwiches. Their structure also allows them to be easily hollowed out and stuffed with various fillings for baking or serving as a cold appetizer. When used for making sauces, the density and lower water content naturally produce a thicker, richer consistency with less cooking time required for reduction.